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. 2018 Jan 18;8:1161. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-19516-6

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Therapeutic effect of OVX-MSCs activated with WJS in OVX rats. (a) Experimental protocol for Vehicle, OVX-MSC-WJ(-), and OVX-MSC-WJ(+) therapies in OVX rats. (b) Representative micro-CT images of tibias. (c–f) Quantitative changes in trabecular parameters, including trabecular bone volume, expressed as c: percentage of total tissue volume (BV/TV), d: trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), (e) Trabecular number (Tb.N), and (f) Trabecular separation (Tb.Sp). *P < 0.05. Data are expressed as mean ± SE of 4–5 animals. (g) Histological findings of the tibia in H&E-stained sections at 8 weeks after administration of Vehicle, OVX-MSC-WJ(-), or OVX-MSC-WJ(+) therapies in OVX rats. Bar: 500 μm in upper panel, 100 μm in lower panel. (h) Immunofluorescence staining of the tibia with an anti-RANK antibody (red). DAPI was used for counterstaining nuclei (blue). Bar: 25 µm. (i) Immunofluorescence staining of the tibia with an anti-TRACP antibody (red). DAPI was used for counterstaining nuclei (blue). Bar: upper 50 μm, lower 25 µm. (j) Immunofluorescence staining of the tibia with an anti-IL-1β antibody (red) (upper) and with an anti-IL-6 antibody (red) (lower). DAPI was used for counterstaining nuclei (blue). Bar: 100 μm. (k) Serum TRACP levels at 8 weeks after administration of Vehicle, OVX-MSC-WJ(-), and OVX-MSC-WJ(+) therapies in OVX rats. *P < 0.05. Data are expressed as mean ± SE of 4–5 animals.