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. 2018 Jan 18;8:1085. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-19077-0

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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In all bar graphs, shown are mean values and SEM (n = 14). (A) Participants showed less background EMG during the MVC in the adjacent APB muscle when focusing externally (EF) compared to focusing internally (IF) while no significant difference was found in the prime mover FDI muscle. (B) Shown are the mean power frequency (MNF) and (C) median power frequency (MDF) of adjacent APB and prime mover FDI muscles during the MVC under both focus of attention conditions. Participants showed a smaller MNF and MDF in the APB muscle and a greater MNF and MDF in the prime mover FDI when adopting an EF contrasted to an IF. Black bars represent the external (EF) and the whites ones the internal focus of attention (IF). *P ≤ 0.05, **P ≤ 0.01, ***P ≤ 0.001.