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. 2018 Jan 18;8:1112. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-19620-7

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Glacial vicariance and post-glacial secondary contact of Atlantic phylogroups of S. latissima. The hypothetical glacial ranges and re-distribution of mtCOI phylogroups since the LGM (as inferred from indirect phylogeographic and paleoenvironmental data) are illustrated with a sequence of time points starting with (a) maximum ice-sheet size, (b) the opening of the Bering Strait, (c) the collapse of the Laurentide ice-sheet and the transgression of the Hudson Bay and (d) the present. Phylogroups are coloured as in Fig. 1 (COI-A: yellow, COI-B: light green; COI-C: red, COI-D: white). Sites that were also genotyped for microsatellite markers are marked as circles, otherwise stars. Sites in grey correspond to inhospitable areas (emerged, or under ice-sheets and perennial sea-ice) or beyond ice barriers. Maps were generated with QGIS 2.17 (http://qgis.osgeo.org) using modelled ice-sheet and land extent data⁵⁴.