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. 2017 Jan 7;19(1):45–57. doi: 10.1007/s10198-016-0866-2

Table 6.

Percentage contributions of each covariate in the decomposition of income-related oral health inequality

Variables/Country Austria (%) Germany (%) Sweden (%) Netherlands (%) Spain (%) Italy (%) France (%) Denmark (%) Switzerland (%) Belgium (%) Czech (%) Luxembourg (%) Slovenia (%) Estonia (%)
Age 28.44 38.39 47.55 26.74 40.31 50.58 24.04 37.99 50.13 31.37 38.49 25.35 41.86 42.47
Male −0.54 −1.46 −2.46 −0.53 −2.12 0.72 −1.80 0.33 −1.84 −1.45 −0.67 −0.40 −0.91 −2.59
Wealth 13.45 9.18 7.53 4.05 4.09 5.33 7.14 3.48 1.63 2.46 3.61 10.14 4.95 2.39
Income 21.66 17.44 24.96 27.00 6.57 13.94 31.69 10.57 20.73 23.66 1.91 23.23 21.43 12.98
Longstanding illness −0.45 1.71 0.86 0.94 2.75 1.55 1.98 1.21 0.57 0.50 5.96 0.51 0.63 0.09
Visited dentist in past 12 months 13.47 8.51 4.77 34.61 −1.43 −1.18 7.34 12.78 12.14 18.07 21.64 16.63 7.10 12.85
Economic status (reference: retired)
 Employed 3.22 −0.77 −2.96 5.34 5.63 7.84 −0.81 3.16 −6.63 3.66 8.43 5.92 4.76 17.42
 Unemployed 0.15 0.71 0.12 −0.79 −0.42 −0.21 0.62 0.01 0.54 −0.44 0.18 0.17 −0.83 −0.08
 Sick −0.73 0.32 −0.17 −0.17 −0.03 −1.35 −0.32 0.11 1.22 0.83 −0.05 1.81 0.19 0.78
 Home maker/other 1.26 0.34 0.01 0.07 0.76 −5.04 1.14 0.39 0.07 0.50 0.02 0.01 3.02 0.13
 Self-assessed health (reference: excellent)
 Very good −1.28 0.20 −0.19 −0.62 −0.06 3.32 0.12 −0.28 −0.34 −3.93 3.17 0.02 2.51 −0.01
 Good 1.52 −0.78 0.25 0.29 −1.35 3.47 −0.45 0.39 1.90 1.11 1.48 −0.04 −0.30 −4.60
 Fair 6.52 5.81 7.96 1.60 4.50 −0.28 5.17 2.25 4.63 5.06 −0.73 1.73 0.23 4.11
 Poor 3.97 3.80 3.11 0.98 7.67 3.73 3.02 2.65 1.52 1.80 −0.61 3.76 1.72 9.62
Education attainmenta (reference: (pre-) primary)
 Secondary −4.69 −7.85 −1.87 −4.98 6.42 4.52 1.15 −8.25 −9.90 −3.94 −2.75 3.89 −2.09 −5.29
 Post-secondary/tertiary 17.05 19.51 21.44 22.51 11.61 10.97 18.25 27.49 23.55 23.80 10.46 11.24 15.63 16.54
Marital status (reference: married)
 Single −5.34 −1.81 −12.83 −23.08 2.18 −7.08 −12.26 3.01 −4.40 −3.86 −2.30 −5.16 −6.53 −5.21
 Sep/div −0.27 0.23 3.01 3.31 0.45 0.34 1.72 0.05 −0.58 0.79 −0.07 −1.70 0.35 1.37
 Widowed 1.96 5.11 6.14 7.19 8.99 11.38 6.59 2.82 3.96 0.39 7.73 0.55 6.48 7.11

aEducational attainment—three categories according to the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED): (pre-) primary (ISCED scores 0 and 1), secondary (ISCED scores 2 and 3), and post-secondary and tertiary (ISCED scores 4–6). See [17, 18] for a detailed description of ISCED