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. 2017 Jan 7;19(1):45–57. doi: 10.1007/s10198-016-0866-2

Table 7.

Percentage contributions of each covariate in the decomposition of education-related oral health inequality

Variables/Country Austria (%) Germany (%) Sweden (%) Netherlands (%) Spain (%) Italy (%) France (%) Denmark (%) Switzerland (%) Belgium (%) Czech Republic (%) Luxembourg (%) Slovenia (%) Estonia (%)
Age 18.54 24.88 29.47 15.75 33.55 37.36 27.39 20.77 36.87 17.11 11.06 25.59 32.00 24.50
Male −0.65 −3.28 0.62 −0.49 −1.04 0.73 −1.51 0.13 −2.35 −0.63 −0.67 −0.72 −0.89 0.59
Wealth 7.31 6.06 4.67 2.08 2.70 3.53 4.87 2.08 1.23 1.88 2.50 8.15 3.14 1.25
Income 4.49 6.25 8.89 9.46 1.55 3.26 10.16 4.93 5.51 8.24 0.35 7.48 5.50 2.08
Longstanding illness −0.40 1.44 0.43 0.75 2.00 2.20 1.55 0.74 0.36 0.42 3.76 0.45 0.51 0.06
Visited dentist in past 12 months 14.06 8.40 4.18 29.83 -1.22 −1.35 7.37 15.50 12.15 16.43 19.12 16.36 6.20 13.21
Economic status (reference: retired)
 Employed 2.12 −0.48 −1.65 2.64 4.21 5.24 −0.60 1.58 −5.23 1.89 3.65 5.50 3.59 7.84
 Unemployed 0.02 0.16 0.02 −0.27 0.47 −0.01 −0.33 −0.09 0.45 −0.06 0.14 0.08 −0.27 0.01
 Sick −0.29 0.65 0.01 −0.05 −0.03 −1.00 −0.13 0.16 1.08 0.57 −0.15 1.37 0.10 0.40
 Home maker/other 1.56 0.72 −0.01 0.05 −0.40 −3.54 0.98 0.32 0.27 0.41 −0.01 0.02 3.35 0.12
Self-assessed health (reference: excellent)
 Very good −1.37 0.18 −0.18 −0.50 −0.05 3.29 0.10 −0.29 −0.29 −3.63 3.63 0.03 4.30 −0.01
 Good 0.64 −1.08 0.26 0.18 −1.23 2.66 −0.88 0.45 3.09 0.76 −0.36 −0.06 −0.28 −3.16
 Fair 7.18 5.37 5.76 1.46 4.13 −0.13 5.41 1.72 3.19 4.64 −0.63 2.24 0.29 2.73
 Poor 3.23 3.94 1.39 0.51 6.83 3.86 2.41 1.88 0.48 1.53 −0.26 3.35 1.78 7.29
Education attainmenta (reference: (pre-) primary)
 Secondary −13.45 −24.71 −21.17 −9.09 12.41 16.07 3.16 −39.00 −35.37 −11.17 −9.74 7.87 −5.43 −15.29
 Post-secondary/tertiary 48.95 59.81 60.13 39.65 17.37 22.28 34.41 86.91 76.87 55.01 36.48 27.69 38.14 44.41
Marital status (reference: married)
 Single −0.90 −0.63 −2.28 −5.50 0.45 −2.51 −3.27 0.66 −1.14 −0.50 −0.54 −1.73 −2.67 −0.80
 Sep/div 0.08 −0.01 −0.24 0.20 −1.45 −0.28 −0.79 −0.01 0.16 −0.19 0.01 0.06 −0.15 −0.39
 Widowed 1.36 4.06 2.69 3.30 5.07 7.22 4.85 1.47 2.85 0.18 3.22 0.48 4.49 3.04

aEducational attainment—three categories according to the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED): (pre-) primary (ISCED scores 0 and 1), secondary (ISCED scores 2 and 3), and post-secondary and tertiary (ISCED scores 4–6). See [17, 18] for a detailed description of ISCED