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. 2017 Dec 5;92(1):41–82. doi: 10.1007/s00204-017-2133-4

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

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Fig. 7 — Key event relationship 6 (KER 6), linking DA neuroinflammation (KE 5) and DA neurodegeneration (KE 4). The table shows the result of a qualitative assessment of KER 6 on a 3 point scale (weak, moderate, strong). A causal relationship between neuroinflammation and DA neurodegeneration has been demonstrated. Biological plausibility and empirical support were both rated “moderate”, due to the lack of profound knowledge on the mediators that evoke neurodegeneration. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agents could not convincingly demonstrate a neuroprotective potential. CNS central nervous system, DA dopamine, IL-1β interleukin-1β, IFN-γ interferon-γ, TNF-α tumor necrosis factor α; TGF: transforming growth factor, NSAID non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. References: [1] McGeer et al. (2003), [2] Miklossy et al. (2006), [3] Liberatore et al. (1999), [4] Norden et al. (2015), [5] Boka et al. (1994), [6] Dong and Benveniste (2001), [7] Lopez-Ramirez et al. (2014), [8] Pan and Kastin (2002), [9] Banks (2005), [10] Heráandez-Romero et al. (2012), [11] Pott Godoy et al. (2008), [12] Villarán et al. (2010), [13] Hirsch and Hunot (2009), [14] Griffin et al. (1998), [15] Blasko et al. (2004), [16] Barbeito et al. (2010), [17] Herrera et al. (2000), [18] Frank-Cannon et al. (2008), [19] He et al. (2013), [20] Ramsey and Tansey (2014), [21] Tanaka et al. (2013), [22] Mount et al. (2007), [23] Ferger et al. (2004), [24] Leng et al. (2005), [25] Sriram et al. (2002), [26] Sriram et al. (2006), [27] Qin et al. (2007), [28] McCoy et al. (2006), [29] Castaño et al. (2002), [30] Brochard et al. (2009), [31] Reynolds et al. (2007), [32] Laurie et al. (2007), [33] Liu et al. (2016), [34] Faust et al. (2009), [35] Du et al. (2001), [36] Tikka et al. (2001), [37] Wu et al. (2002), [38] Shults (2003), [39] NINDS NET-PD Investigators (2006), [40] NINDS-NET-PD Investigators (2008), [41] Chen et al. (2005), [42] Chen et al. (2003), [43] Hernán et al. (2006), [44] Ton et al. (2006), [45] Etminan et al. (2008), [46] Schildknecht et al. (2005), [47] Hoos et al. (2014), [48] Parkinson Study Group (1993), [49] Shoulson (1998)