Table 3.
Comparison of vitamin D levels between groups according to presence or absence of metabolic syndrome or its components.
| MODEL 1 | MODEL 2 | MODEL 3 | MODEL 4 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male | Female | Male | Female | Male | Female | Male | Female | |
| Metabolic syndrome | ||||||||
| Absent | 22 ± 0.3 | 18.7 ± 0.2 | 22.1 ± 0.3 | 18.6 ± 0.2 | 22.1 ± 0.3 | 18.7 ± 0.3 | 22 ± 0.3 | 18.6 ± 0.3 |
| Present | 21.1 ± 0.3 | 18.4 ± 0.3 | 21.2 ± 0.3 | 18.4 ± 0.3 | 21.4 ± 0.3 | 18.4 ± 0.3 | 21.4 ± 0.3 | 18.5 ± 0.3 |
| P value | 0.0044 | 0.3512 | 0.0045 | 0.4098 | 0.0312 | 0.4767 | 0.0613 | 0.7903 |
| High waist circumference | ||||||||
| Absent | 21.6 ± 0.3 | 18.5 ± 0.3 | 21.6 ± 0.3 | 18.5 ± 0.3 | 21.7 ± 0.3 | 18.7 ± 0.3 | 21.7 ± 0.3 | 18.5 ± 0.3 |
| Present | 21.7 ± 0.4 | 18.5 ± 0.3 | 21.8 ± 0.4 | 18.5 ± 0.3 | 22 ± 0.4 | 18.5 ± 0.3 | 22 ± 0.4 | 18.6 ± 0.3 |
| P value | 0.5612 | 0.9223 | 0.5602 | 0.97 | 0.2814 | 0.5441 | 0.271 | 0.8591 |
| High blood pressure | ||||||||
| Absent | 22.2 ± 0.3 | 18.9 ± 0.3 | 22.3 ± 0.4 | 19 ± 0.3 | 22.4 ± 0.3 | 19 ± 0.3 | 22.2 ± 0.3 | 18.8 ± 0.3 |
| Present | 21.3 ± 0.3 | 18.3 ± 0.2 | 21.3 ± 0.3 | 18.2 ± 0.3 | 21.4 ± 0.3 | 18.3 ± 0.3 | 21.5 ± 0.3 | 18.4 ± 0.2 |
| P value | 0.0024 | 0.009 | 0.0012 | 0.0153 | 0.0039 | 0.0148 | 0.0291 | 0.267 |
| High blood gluose | ||||||||
| Absent | 21.8 ± 0.3 | 18.6 ± 0.2 | 21.9 ± 0.3 | 18.6 ± 0.2 | 22.1 ± 0.3 | 18.6 ± 0.2 | 22.1 ± 0.3 | 18.6 ± 0.2 |
| Present | 21.4 ± 0.3 | 18.4 ± 0.3 | 21.4 ± 0.3 | 18.4 ± 0.3 | 21.4 ± 0.3 | 18.5 ± 0.3 | 21.4 ± 0.3 | 18.5 ± 0.3 |
| P value | 0.1961 | 0.6449 | 0.1784 | 0.6955 | 0.0608 | 0.8803 | 0.06 | 0.8524 |
| Hypertriglyceridemia | ||||||||
| Absent | 22 ± 0.3 | 18.7 ± 0.2 | 22 ± 0.3 | 18.7 ± 0.2 | 22.1 ± 0.3 | 18.7 ± 0.2 | 22.1 ± 0.3 | 18.8 ± 0.2 |
| Present | 21.1 ± 0.3 | 18.2 ± 0.3 | 21.2 ± 0.3 | 18.2 ± 0.3 | 21.3 ± 0.3 | 18.2 ± 0.3 | 21.3 ± 0.3 | 18.2 ± 0.3 |
| P value | 0.005 | 0.0879 | 0.0077 | 0.0999 | 0.0164 | 0.0572 | 0.0174 | 0.014 |
| Low HDL cholesterol | ||||||||
| Absent | 22.1 ± 0.3 | 18.8 ± 0.2 | 22.1 ± 0.3 | 18.8 ± 0.2 | 22.2 ± 0.3 | 18.7 ± 0.3 | 22.1 ± 0.3 | 18.8 ± 0.3 |
| Present | 21 ± 0.3 | 18.4 ± 0.3 | 21.1 ± 0.3 | 18.4 ± 0.3 | 21.2 ± 0.3 | 18.4 ± 0.3 | 21.3 ± 0.3 | 18.5 ± 0.3 |
| P value | 0.0016 | 0.1444 | 0.0015 | 0.1603 | 0.0062 | 0.339 | 0.0132 | 0.2629 |
MODEL 1 non–adjusted.
MODEL 2 age, sex.
MODEL 3 age, sex, smoke, exercise, education levels, income status, calcium intake.
MODEL 4 age, sex, smoke, exercise, education levels, income status, calcium intake, PTH.