Figure 2.

Cross-link model. All cross-links can dynamically detach from and reattach to their microtubules. The probability of cross-link detachment or reattachment $p=k/r_f\text{exp}\left(-F_0/r_f\left[k-k_0\right]\right)$ at a constant loading rate of $r_f$ is a function of the detachment or reattachment rate $k=k_0\text{exp}\left(F/F_0\right)$. The graphs illustrate the effects of varying the detachment and reattachment rate caused exclusively by thermal fluctuations $k_0$ and the characteristic bond force $F_0$ for a range of external forces F at a constant loading rate of r_f = pN/ms. To see this figure in color, go online.