Table 1.
Perceptions of Risk Factors for Lung Cancer, Bowel Cancer and Melanoma in 2001 and 2014/5
| 2001* | 2014/5 | Overall year Difference | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| male | female | total | Sex Difference | male | female | total | Sex Difference | Difference | p | |
| Lung | ||||||||||
| None/don’t know | 0 | 1.8 | 1 | 1.8 (0.2, 3.4) | 1.5 | 1.8 | 1.6 | 0.3 (-1.2, 1.8) | 0.7 (-0.5, 1.8) | 0.24 |
| Smoking tobacco/cigarettes | 98.6 | 96.9 | 97.7 | -1.7 (-5.0, 1.6) | 97.8 | 97.4 | 97.6 | -0.4 (-2.4, 1.5) | -0.1 (-2.1, 1.9) | 0.898 |
| Occupational exposure | 14 | 13.5 | 13.7 | -0.5 (-7.0, 6.0) | 35.4 | 24.2 | 29.1 | -11.2 (-17.6, -4.8) | 15.4 (10.9, 19.9) | <0.001 |
| Contact with asbestos | 20.7 | 11.5 | 15.8 | -9.2 (-16.1, -2.3) | 25.9 | 18.9 | 22 | -7.0 (-12.5, -1.5) | 6.2 (1.9, 10.6) | 0.005 |
| Air pollution | 16 | 9.5 | 12.5 | -6.5 (-13.1, 0.1) | 21.7 | 12.7 | 16.7 | -8.9 (-14.3, -3.5) | 4.1 (-0.1, 8.3) | 0.055 |
| Other industrial pollution | 10.8 | 5.3 | 7.9 | -5.5 (-10.6, -0.4) | 19.7 | 13.6 | 16.3 | -6.0 (-11.3, -0.8) | 8.4 (4.8, 12.0) | <0.001 |
| Second hand tobacco smoke | 12.5 | 11.2 | 11.8 | -1.3 (-7.6, 5.0) | 9.9 | 14.4 | 12.4 | 4.5 (0.1, 9.0) | 0.6 (-3.3, 4.4) | 0.763 |
| Exposure to chemicals | 4.3 | 5.6 | 5 | 1.3 (-2.8, 5.3) | 1.7 | 1.9 | 1.8 | 0.2 (-1.9, 2.2) | -3.2 (-5.5, -0.9) | 0.005 |
| Exposure to fumes | 5.8 | 2.7 | 4.1 | -3.1 (-6.9, 0.7) | 1.1 | 0.2 | 0.6 | -0.9 (-2.3, 0.6) | -3.5 (-5.4, -1.5) | <0.001 |
| Bowel | ||||||||||
| None/don’t know | 53.5 | 52.2 | 52.8 | -1.3 (-10.9, 8.3) | 36.8 | 33.3 | 34.8 | -3.4 (-10.5, 3.7) | -18.0 (-23.9, -12.0) | <0.001 |
| Diet (not further specified) | 34 | 29.2 | 31.5 | -4.8 (-13.7, 4.1) | 44.9 | 43.2 | 43.9 | -1.7 (-8.7, 5.2) | 12.5 (6.8, 18.1) | <0.001 |
| Eating too little fibre | 15 | 18.2 | 16.7 | 3.2 (-3.7, 10.2) | 11.9 | 17.6 | 15.1 | 5.7 (1.1, 10.3) | -1.6 (-5.8, 2.6) | 0.462 |
| Family history of bowel cancer | 2.1 | 11.2 | 7 | 9.1 (4.6, 13.6) | 11.7 | 16.4 | 14.3 | 4.7 (0.1, 9.3) | 7.3 (4.0, 10.7) | <0.001 |
| Eating too much fat | 11.4 | 5 | 8 | -6.3 (-11.5, -1.1) | 8.8 | 7.1 | 7.8 | -1.7 (-5.2, 1.8) | -0.2 (-3.2, 2.9) | 0.917 |
| Eating meat | 4.7 | 4.7 | 4.7 | -0.0 (-3.9, 3.9) | 9.4 | 6.8 | 7.9 | -2.6 (-6.0, 0.8) | 3.2 (0.6, 5.8) | 0.015 |
| Alcohol consumption | 6.1 | 1.9 | 3.8 | -4.2 (-7.9, -0.4) | 7.5 | 6.5 | 6.9 | -1.1 (-4.8, 2.7) | 3.1 (0.5, 5.7) | 0.019 |
| Melanoma | ||||||||||
| None/don’t know | 2.4 | 1.9 | 2.2 | -0.5 (-3.2, 2.2) | 3.1 | 3.5 | 3.3 | 0.3 (-2.6, 3.2) | 1.1 (-0.8, 3.1) | 0.253 |
| Excessive sun exposure | 86.1 | 86.5 | 86.3 | 0.4 (-6.2, 7.0) | 88.2 | 88.7 | 88.5 | 0.5 (-4.0, 4.9) | 2.2 (-1.8, 6.2) | 0.275 |
| Unprotected sun exposure (age 15+ or unspecified) | 15 | 18.7 | 17 | 3.6 (-3.6, 10.9) | 33.3 | 34.5 | 34 | 1.2 (-5.4, 7.9) | 17.0 (12.1, 21.9) | <0.001 |
| Using sunlamp, tanning bed or solarium | 2.1 | 5.1 | 3.7 | 3.0 (-0.6, 6.7) | 10.3 | 13.2 | 11.9 | 2.9 (-1.8, 7.6) | 8.2 (5.2, 11.2) | <0.001 |
| Fair skin/skin that burns easily | 11.3 | 6.8 | 8.9 | -4.5 (-10.0, 1.0) | 13.3 | 10.2 | 11.6 | -3.1 (-7.6, 1.4) | 2.6 (-0.9, 6.1) | 0.14 |
| Family history | 1.6 | 2.1 | 1.9 | 0.5 (-1.9, 2.9) | 5.2 | 8.4 | 7 | 3.3 (0.1, 6.5) | 5.1 (3.1, 7.2) | <0.001 |
| Unprotected exposure early age (age <15) | 1.8 | 6.4 | 4.3 | 4.6 (0.7, 8.4) | 6.1 | 5.6 | 5.8 | -0.5 (-3.6, 2.5) | 1.5 (-1.0, 4.0) | 0.228 |
| Having lots of moles | 5.1 | 4.1 | 4.5 | -1.0 (-5.0, 3.0) | 3.1 | 5.7 | 4.6 | 2.6 (-0.1, 5.3) | 0.0 (2.4, -2.4) | 0.992 |
| Not using recommended sun protection | 3.2 | 7.2 | 5.3 | 4.0 (-0.1, 8.1) | 3.2 | 5.2 | 4.3 | 2.0 (-0.9, 4.9) | -1.0 (-3.6, 1.5) | 0.435 |
Differences presented in bold are statistically significant (p < 0.05)