Table 2.

Perceptions of Risk Factors for Breast, Cervical and Prostate Cancer in 2001 and 2014/5

	2001*			2014/5				Overall Year Sex Difference
	male	female	total	male	female	total	Sex Difference	Difference	p
Breast
None/don’t know	-	53.7	-	59.4	40.5	48.8	-18.9 (-25.9, -11.9)	-13.2 (-21.3, -5.1)	0.001
Family history	-	19.9	-	19	28.8	24.5	9.7 (3.8, 15.7)	8.9 (2.2, 15.6)	0.01
Tobacco smoking	-	8.8	-	9.2	10.9	10.1	1.8 (-2.2, 5.7)	2.2 (-2.5, 6.8)	0.364
Alcohol consumption	-	1.7	-	4.6	8.7	6.9	4.2 (1.0, 7.3)	7.0 (4.0, 10.0)	<0.001
A blow to the breast	-	1.8	-	5.2	4.4	4.7	-0.7 (-3.9, 2.4)	2.6 (0.0, 5.2)	0.046
Not breastfeeding	-	8.5	-	2.7	4.9	4	2.3 (-0.1, 4.7)	-3.5 (-7.6, 0.6)	0.093
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT)	-	4.4	-	1.2	4.8	3.2	3.6 (1.4, 5.8)	0.4 (-2.9, 3.6)	0.831
Cervical
None/don’t know	-	47.2	-	67.8	43	53.9	-24.8 (-31.5, -18.0)	-4.2 (-12.3, 4.0)	0.314
Many different sexual partners	-	22.9	-	10.8	21.1	16.6	10.3 (5.8, 14.9)	-1.8 (-8.4, 4.7)	0.584
History of sexually transmitted infection(s)	-	5.4	-	10.5	17	14.2	6.5 (1.5, 11.5)	11.6 (6.9, 16.3)	<0.001
Having had genital warts	-	3.1	-	5.2	14.8	10.6	9.6 (5.5, 13.8)	11.7 (7.6, 15.8)	<0.001
Unprotected sex	-	3.3	-	3.1	8	5.9	4.9 (1.5, 8.4)	4.7 (0.9, 8.6)	0.016
Family history/genetics	-	3.6	-	3.1	6.8	5.1	3.6 (0.6, 6.7)	3.2 (-0.3, 6.7)	0.073
Tobacco smoking	-	4.1	-	1.5	4.7	3.3	3.2 (0.9, 5.5)	0.7 (-2.5, 3.9)	0.676
Prostate
None/don’t know	81.3	-	-	61.3	60.6	60.9	-0.7 (-7.6, 6.2)	-20.0 (-27.3, -12.7)	<0.001
Family history of prostate cancer	1.9	-	-	12.9	12.3	12.6	-0.6 (-5.3, 4.2)	11.0 (7.0, 14.9)	<0.001
Diet	5.6	-	-	9.9	6	7.7	-3.9 (-7.7, -0.1)	4.4 (0.2, 8.6)	0.042
Not getting regular check ups	3.2	-	-	5.2	11.3	8.6	6.1 (2.6, 9.7)	2.0 (-1.1, 5.1)	0.209
Increasing age	3.4	-	-	5.5	6.8	6.2	1.3 (-1.8, 4.4)	2.1 (-1.3, 5.4)	0.222

^*Differences between 2001 and 2015 were sex-specific comparisons; Note: Differences presented in bold are statistically significant (p < 0.05)