Table 10.

High-level summary of findings by health indicator

Health Indicator	# of studies	Quality of Evidence	Summary of Findings
Critical
Adiposity	31	Low	N = 20 studies reported a significant association between shorter sleep duration and adiposity. N = 9 studies reported null findings. N = 2 studies reported a significant association between longer sleep duration and adiposity.
Emotional Regulation	25	Very Low to High	N = 13 studies reported a significant association between shorter sleep duration and poorer emotional regulation. N = 10 studies reported null findings. N = 2 studies reported a significant association between longer sleep duration and poorer emotional regulation.
Cognitive Development	16	Low to High	N = 6 studies reported a significant association between shorter sleep duration and poorer cognitive function. N = 8 reported null findings. N = 2 study reported a significant association between longer sleep duration and poorer cognitive function.
Motor Development	2	Low	N = 2 studies reported null findings.
Growth	2	Very Low	N = 2 studies reported better growth with longer sleep duration.
Important
Sedentary Behavior	5	Very Low	N = 5 studies reported shorter sleep duration was associated with more screen time.
Physical Activity	4	Low to Very Low	N = 2 studies reported longer sleep duration was associated with more physical activity. N = 2 studies reported null findings.
Risks/Injuries	3	Low	N = 2 studies reported a higher risk of injuries with shorter sleep duration. N = 1 study reported null findings.
Quality of Life/Well-Being	1	Very Low	N = 1 study reported null findings.
Cardio-Metabolic Health	0	N/A	N/A

The number of studies is more than N = 69 because some papers had more than one outcome measure and/or study design