Table 1.
Prevalence of PCR-positive malaria among subjects
| Variable (n) | % PCR positive | p value* |
|---|---|---|
| Age | ||
| < 1 year (658) | 29 | < 0.001 |
| 1–2 years (1388) | 31 | |
| 2–3 years (1303) | 38 | |
| 3–4 years (1312) | 42 | |
| 4–5 years (1189) | 43 | |
| Sex | ||
| Male (2935) | 38 | 0.365 |
| Female (2915) | 37 | |
| Housing quality index | ||
| Lowest quality (786) | 31 | < 0.001 |
| 2nd level (3118) | 42 | |
| 3rd level (365) | 40 | |
| 4th level (403) | 35 | |
| 5th level (459) | 34 | |
| 6th level (71) | 25 | |
| Highest quality (648) | 23 | |
| Wealth index | ||
| Lowest quintile (1558) | 40 | < 0.001 |
| 2nd quintile (1366) | 40 | |
| Middle quintile (1153) | 39 | |
| 4th quintile (1034) | 39 | |
| Highest quintile (739) | 22 | |
| Mother’s education | ||
| None (1255) | 41 | < 0.001 |
| Primary (2633) | 41 | |
| Secondary (1903) | 30 | |
| Higher (59) | 19 | |
| Number of household members | ||
| 2–4 (1191) | 36 | 0.505 |
| 5–7 (2629) | 37 | |
| 8–10 (1510) | 39 | |
| > 10 (520) | 36 | |
| Respondent slept under LLIN previous night | ||
| Yes (2700) | 42 | < 0.001 |
| No (3150) | 34 | |
| Altitude (m) | ||
| < 500 (2165) | 38 | < 0.001 |
| 500–1000 (2609) | 42 | |
| 1000–1500 (629) | 35 | |
| 1500–2000 (447) | 9 | |
| 2007 prevalence | ||
| High (2783) | 44 | < 0.001 |
| Low (3067) | 32 | |
| % Cluster LLIN coverage previous night (quartiles) | ||
| 0–33 (1202) | 42 | < 0.001 |
| 34–54 (1688) | 40 | |
| 55–75 (1495) | 36 | |
| 76–100 (1321) | 31 | |
| Time to water source (min) | ||
| 0–12 (1222) | 37 | 0.089 |
| 12–30 (2304) | 40 | |
| 30–45 (662) | 35 | |
| Over 45 (1400) | 37 | |
| Urban/rural residence | ||
| Urban (1772) | 35 | 0.012 |
| Rural (4078) | 38 | |
| Bed net age | ||
| < 1 year (824) | 34 | 0.055 |
| 1–2 years (1440) | 31 | |
| 2–3 years (479) | 36 | |
| > 3 years (475) | 38 | |
| Insecticide | ||
| Alphacypermethrin (59) | 24 | < 0.001 |
| Deltamethrin (2592) | 32 | |
| Permethrin (445) | 42 | |
* Chi square test for null hypothesis that all prevalences are equal