Long-term administration of dexamethasone causes atrophy of the zF. (A) Experimental scheme of dexamethasone treatment and recovery. (B) Adrenal weights normalized to body weight. (C) Hematoxylin and eosin staining of adrenals shows atrophy of the zF after dexamethasone treatment (R0) and its regrowth following withdrawal. Scale bars: 500 μm. (D) Cleaved caspase 3 staining. Arrowheads point to nuclear staining. Dashed line marks the cortico-medullary border. Scale bars: top panels 100 μm, bottom panels 200 μm. (E) mRNA expression of the zF enzyme Cyp11b1 normalized to D0. (F) Proliferation quantification (Ki67+ cells/nuclei per high-powered field). Biological replicates for each time point: D0, n = 5; R0, n = 7; R3, n = 8; R7, n = 7; R14, n = 7. Error bars represent the standard error of the mean. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001. c = cortex; m = medulla; ns, not significant.