Granulosa cell expression of VEGF family members. Granulosa cells obtained from monkey ovulatory follicles after ovarian stimulation in the absence of hCG (0 hours) and 12, 24, or 36 hours after hCG were assessed by quantitative PCR for (A) PGF mRNA, (D) total VEGFA mRNA, (G) VEGFA165 mRNA, (H) VEGFA121 mRNA, and (I) VEGFB mRNA. mRNA levels are expressed relative to ACTB mRNA in each sample. Granulosa cell concentration of protein for (B) PGF and (E) VEGFA were determined by ELISA and normalized to total protein for each sample. Follicular fluid obtained from monkeys by follicle aspiration before and after hCG was assessed for concentration of protein for (C) PGF and (F) VEGFA and normalized to total protein for each sample. For each panel, data were assessed by ANOVA and Duncan post hoc test. Data are expressed as mean ± standard error of the mean. Groups with no common letters are different, P < 0.05. n = 3 to 6 samples per group.