Table 1.
Sociodemographic, lifestyle and anthropometric data by smoking status.
| Female |
Male |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-smokers | Former smokers | Current smokers | Non-smokers | Former smokers | Current smokers | |
| Total population, n (%) | 941 (66.5) | 273 (19.3) | 202 (14.3) | 444 (34.5) | 559 (43.4) | 285 (22.1) |
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 57.8 (13.9) | 53.8 (12.6)* | 49.5 (12.5)#& | 57.2 (14.5) | 57.6 (13.1) | 50.1 (14)#& |
| Medium/high educational level, % | 76.6 | 88.6* | 89.6# | 88.2 | 88.7 | 93.0# |
| Marital status, % | *(overall) | #(overall) | *(overall) | #&(overall) | ||
| • Married | 66.3 | 67.4 | 64.4 | 85.1 | 84.1 | 77.0 |
| • Single | 5.5 | 9.2 | 11.9 | 7.5 | 4.1 | 14.1 |
| • Divorced | 4.8 | 11.0 | 12.4 | 3.6 | 5.0 | 6.0 |
| • Widowed | 23.4 | 12.5 | 11.4 | 3.8 | 6.8 | 2.8 |
| Alcohol drinking (yes), % | 29.7 | 48.5* | 45.5# | 74.3 | 79.5 | 79.9 |
| Sedentariness, % | 19.9 | 18.0 | 20.4 | 15.9 | 17.5 | 22.3# |
| Therapy non-compliance, % | 22.6 | 19.9 | 28.6& | 22.7 | 22.3 | 31.5#& |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 28.9 (5.8) | 28.8 (6.3) | 27 (5.7)#& | 28.3 (4.4) | 29 (5)* | 27.2 (4.6)#& |
| Overweight/obesity, % | 73.4 | 71.1 | 55.9#& | 77.3 | 81.4 | 68.1#& |
| Waist (cm), mean (SD) | 95.2 (14.7) | 94.2 (15.8) | 89.8 (14.9)#& | 101.5 (13.4) | 104.2 (13.1)* | 100.2 (13.6)& |
| Abdominal obesity, % | 85.8 | 81.3 | 71.1#& | 76.4 | 82.4* | 68.3#& |
*
P < 0.05 for former smokers versus non-smokers;
#
P < 0.05 for current smokers versus non-smokers;
&
P < 0.05 for current smokers versus former smokers;
%: percentage of participants; SD: standard deviation; BMI: body mass index; waist: waist circumference.