Table 3.
Drug classes most prevalent inappropriately used as proportion inappropriate medication use (IMs) or proportion residents.
| Drug classes most prevalent inappropriately used (% of IMs) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Author, year [Ref.] | Beers criteria | STOPPa | START | ACOVE | BEDNURS |
| Varallo et al., 2012 [35] | Diazepam (28.9) | ||||
| Barnett et al., 2011 [25] | Ferrous sulphate >325 mg/d (13.9) | ||||
| Ruggiero et al., 2010 [26] | Ticlopidine (8.1) | ||||
| Vieira de Lima et al., 2013 [36] | Antipsychotics (27.8) | ||||
| Verrue et al., 2012 [28) Intervention and control group |
Benzodiazepine use in patients with depression (31.7) | Long-term use of benzodiazepines (17.9) | Acetylsalicylic acid for diabetics (24.1) | Acetylsalicylic acid for diabetics (24.1) | |
| O'Sullivan et al., 2013 [5] | ID Chlordiazepoxide and diazepam (29.2) CD Falls/syncope with short-to-intermediate-acting benzodiazepines or TCAs (35.2) |
Benzodiazepines in individuals with a history of recurrent falls (15.4) | |||
| Chen et al., 2012 [33] | ID Nifedipine, short acting (46.8) CD Syncope or falls: Short-to intermediate-acting benzodiazepine and tricyclic antidepressants (2.5) |
A fall in the past three months + first generation antihistamine (daily or as needed basis) (23.4) | |||
| García-Gollarte, 2012 [31] | The use of a proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) without a clear indication [52] | Not using vitamin D and calcium in patients with osteoporosis [34] | |||
| Ryan et al., 2013 [27] | Benzodiazepines (25.8) | Aspirin (19.6) | |||
| Lao et al., 2013 [40] | Benzodiazepines in patients with a fall (12.6) | ||||
| King and Roberts, 2007 [39] | Diazepam (10.4) | ||||
| Niwata et al., 2006 [43] | Ticlopidine (6.3) | ||||
| Hosia-Randell et al., 2008 [29] | Short-acting benzodiazepines (13.9) | ||||
| Stafford et al., 2011 [32] | Benzodiazepines (16.7) | ||||
| Perri et al., 2005 [37] | Propoxyphene (14.4) | ||||
| Pinto and Malaquias, 2013 [34] | Risperidone (20.53) | ||||
| Mamun et al., 2004 [41] | Antihistamines (85.7) | ||||
| Elseviers et al., 2014 [22] | Digoxin [7] | Heart failure without treatment with a beta-blocker [23] | Psychotropic medication combined use of ATC classes N05 (psycholeptics) + N06 (psychoanaleptics) [32] |
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a
STOPP-criterion ‘duplicate classes’ disregarded.
STOPP: screening tool of older persons’ potentially inappropriate prescriptions; START: screening tool to alert right treatment; ACOVE: assessing care of vulnerable elders; BEDNURS: Bergen District Nursing Home; CD: considering disease; ID: independent of disease; NA: no information available.