Table 1.
Studies involving standard pharmacist’s activities included in the review
| Reference | Country | Study focus | Results |
|---|---|---|---|
| Watson et al49 Study type: observational Scope of practice: standard practice |
Scotland | Compare health- and cost-related outcomes of consultations for minor ailments symptoms | Convenience of location was the most common reason for choice of consultation setting |
| Akol et al12 Study type: interview Scope of practice: training specifically for study |
Uganda | Assess perspectives on the quality of care and satisfaction with intramuscular administration of contraception by drug store owners | Most were satisfied receiving their contraception from the drug shop and intended to get the next injection from the drug shop |
| Patricia et al8 Study type: descriptive Scope of practice: standard practice |
Portugal | Identify factors that contribute to patients’ pharmacy loyalty | Humanistic-based skills were found to promote customers’ visit to pharmacies |
| Malewski et al6 Study type: survey Scope of practice: standard practice |
USA | Examine urban and suburban community pharmacy populations for similarities and differences in patient satisfaction | Satisfaction with pharmacist’s relationship and service high with no significant differences between locations |
| Mansell et al25 Study type: evaluation Scope of practice: standard practice |
Canada | Assess symptomatic improvement for patients treated by a pharmacist | Patients were very satisfied with their symptomatic improvement and with the service in general |
| Kjeldsen et al21 Study type: randomized control trial Scope of practice: training specifically for study |
Denmark | Investigate if a brief, comprehensive individually targeted intervention for diabetic patients could improve drug therapy implementation in pharmacies | The study showed improvement in patient health, well-being, knowledge, and satisfaction |
| McMillan et al10 Study type: semi-structured interviews Scope of practice: standard practice |
Australia | Explore the attributes of pharmacy choice for people with chronic conditions | Five attributes influenced this choice: patient- centered care, convenience, price, personal traits, and service/medication need |
| Tan et al20 Study type: pre/post-intervention Scope of practice: standard practice |
Australia | Evaluate the effectiveness of pharmacist’s consultations based on primary care practices | Patients were highly satisfied with the pharmacist’s consultations and were effective in identifying and resolving medication-related problems |
| Patterson et al7 Study type: cross-sectional study Scope of practice: standard practice |
USA | Identify relationships among pharmacy service use, general and service-specific patient satisfaction, pharmacy patronage motives, and marketing awareness | Study participants were mostly satisfied with the pharmacy services on global and service-specific measures |
| Jaffray et al52 Study type: randomized control trial Scope of practice: training specifically for study |
Scotland | Determine whether trained pharmacists can improve methadone outcomes | It did not significantly reduce heroin use, but there are indications of increased communication and satisfaction |
| Tran et al14 Study type: interviews Scope of practice: standard practice |
Australia | Explore pharmacist–consumer interactions about complementary medicines, with focus on consumer expectations, perceptions, and satisfaction | There was high consumer satisfaction, which was in agreement with pharmacist’s perceptions of consumer satisfaction |
| Rubio-Valera et al23 Study type: randomized control trial Scope of practice: training specifically for study |
Spain | Evaluate the impact of a pharmacist’s intervention on patients who had initiated antidepressant treatment | Patients showed improvement in health- related quality of life, but none in clinical symptoms or pharmacy satisfaction |
| Kaae et al16 Study type: semi-structured interviews Scope of practice: standard practice |
Denmark | Investigate how patients perceive pharmacy counseling at the present time, to develop the patient–pharmacy relationship | Customers favor pharmacy OTC medication counseling and first-time prescriptions, but find it hard to express the role of pharmacies |
| Collum et al13 Study type: pilot study Scope of practice: standard practice |
USA | Describe the satisfaction of patients at high risk for medication misadventures with care communication at a clinic-based pharmacy | Few patients reported the use of recommended communication techniques by the pharmacist |
| Bosse et al24 Study type: evaluation Scope of practice: standard practice |
USA | Evaluate if patient adherence to self-care advice from a pharmacist provides satisfactory symptom relief | Patients felt that it led to greater symptom improvement, and would like to see this service offered all of the time |
| van Geffen et al17 Study type: survey Scope of practice: standard practice |
The Netherlands | Assess patient perceptions of received cardiovascular drug information and counseling | Most were unsatisfied with the information received and reported not experiencing some counseling activities |
| Naik Panvelkar et al15 Study type: interview Scope of practice: standard practice |
Australia | Explore patient preferences for types of pharmacy-based asthma services and identify service aspects that patients prefer | Both naive and experienced patients had a high level of satisfaction |
| Black et al19 Study type: survey Scope of practice: standard practice |
Canada | Determine patient preferences, satisfaction, and perceived stigma related to pharmacists | Traditional pharmacy services were perceived to be of greater importance than some clinical services |
| Simoens et al4 Study type: survey Scope of practice: standard practice |
Belgium | Explore patient experiences of purchasing OTC medications in pharmacies | Patients were satisfied with pharmacy distribution and services related to OTC medications |
| van Geffen et al18 Study type: descriptive Scope of practice: standard practice |
The Netherlands | Examine patients’ perceptions of information received when starting a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, to identify needs and the potential role of the pharmacist | Patients felt that they would benefit from tailored information. Many patients required more concrete and practical information than was provided |
| Hoffmann et al22 Study type: randomized controlled trial Scope of practice: training specifically for study |
Germany | Evaluate the effects of pharmaceutical care for patients with headache or migraine, on both clinical and psychological end points | Most participants described this intervention as helpful and effective and reported that they would recommend pharmaceutical care to others |
| McAuley et al11 Study type: survey Scope of practice: standard practice |
USA | Survey patients with epilepsy about the current and potential role pharmacists play/could play in their care | Patients reported good relationships with their pharmacists, but were concerned about lack of privacy and did not want to pay for services |
| Du Pasquier and Aslani5 Study type: semi-structured interview Scope of practice: standard practice |
Australia | Explore consumers’ attitudes toward, and expectations of, adherence support services in a pharmacy | Participants valued two-way communication and increased consideration of their needs/beliefs, but were hesitant about shared decision making |
Abbreviation: OTC, over the counter.