Table 2.
Studies involving new in-person services included in the review
| Reference | Country | Study focus | Results |
|---|---|---|---|
| Luder et al42 Study type: prospective, quasi-experimental Scope of practice: training specifically for study |
USA | If transition of care has decreased hospital readmission, resolved medication problems, and increased patient satisfaction | A community pharmacist in the usual discharge process improved the quality of care and significantly reduced hospital readmissions |
| O’Neal et al34 Study type: observational Scope of practice: training specifically for study |
USA | Develop and assess a tool evaluating the impact of a pharmacist’s training program from the patients’ perspective | A continuing education program is desired and has the potential to impact the quality of life for migraine and recurrent headache sufferers |
| Hanes et al35 Study type: survey Scope of practice: expanded practice |
Australia | Perspectives of pharmacy staff involved in CPAP and sleep apnea-related services | Respondents felt there was room for improvement in some aspect of CPAP service |
| Jackson et al40 Study type: survey Scope of practice: collaborative practice agreement |
USA | Enhance public access to prophylaxis for Lyme disease and assess patient satisfaction with the pharmacy-based service provided | High level of satisfaction with pharmacy services provided, and no reports of subsequent development of symptoms or major adverse events |
| Rickles et al38 Study type: evaluation Scope of practice: training specifically for study |
USA | Evaluate the impact and patient satisfaction of a pharmacy-based cognitive memory screening and referral program | Cognitive memory screening can be easily incorporated into clinical service offerings in a pharmacy |
| Breslow39 Study type: observational Scope of practice: training specifically for study |
USA | Describe patient attitudes and satisfaction toward pharmacist-administered memory screenings | The majority of participants responded favorably to several aspects of offering memory screening in pharmacies |
| Hui-Callahan et al28 Study type: prospective Scope of practice: training specifically for study |
USA | Determine if diabetic patients who used a financial rewards program in a grocery chain pharmacy had increased rates of self- reported healthy behaviors | Satisfaction was favorable. Participants reported that the program increased behavior awareness and accountability, and motivation to improve health |
| DiDonato et al37 Study type: prospective cohort Scope of practice: standard practice |
USA | Assess the clinical and patient-centered outcomes of pharmacist’s health coaching in the workplace | Wellness coaching by a pharmacist can result in significant improvements in cardiovascular risk factors |
| Warner et al33 Study type: observational Scope of practice: expanded practice |
England | Determine if the inclusion of pharmacies improve vaccination rates and is acceptable to patients | Pharmacies can help increase vaccination rates and has high levels of patient acceptability |
| American Pharmacists Association29 Study type: observational Scope of practice: training specifically for study |
USA | Describe the development and implementation of the Discussions on Taking Medications Diabetes Pilot Program and satisfaction | Small, focused interactions addressing issues of concern to patients could improve patient adherence to medication therapy |
| Shoukry et al36 Study type: qualitative Scope of practice: standard practice |
Australia | Explore the experiences of patients with obstructive sleep apnea who get treatment through pharmacies | High satisfaction with pharmacy services was expressed, with convenience and good service as notable characteristics |
| Saini et al30 Study type: pre/post-intervention Scope of practice: training specifically for study |
Australia | Assess any improvements in knowledge of asthma patients after a tailored education program delivered by pharmacists and sustainability of improvements | Asthma knowledge significantly improved as a result of the service, and patients changed the way they managed their asthma |
| Mitchell et al27 Study type: longitudinal Scope of practice: training specifically for study |
Australia | Evaluate the capacity and effectiveness of trained pharmacists in delivering the Diabetes Medication Assistance Service | Patients reported improvements in knowledge about diabetes self-management, and improved glycemic control and adherence |
| Hugtenburg et al41 Study type: controlled intervention Scope of practice: standard practice |
The Netherlands | Evaluate a comprehensive protocol for discharge care on patient satisfaction as well as on drug use compliance and mortality | Patient counseling at discharge from hospital by pharmacists appears to be meaningful |
| Lea et al32 Study type: survey Scope of practice: standard practice |
Australia | Explore consumer satisfaction associated with the delivery of opioid substitution treatment at pharmacies | Participants expressed a high level of satisfaction with most service aspects, but wanted more privacy |
| Saini et al31 Study type: repeated measures Scope of practice: training specifically for study |
Australia | Compare the effect of a pharmacist-delivered rural asthma management service on health outcomes for people with asthma | Patients had a reduction in the asthma severity and risk of nonadherence to medication scores, and an increase in patients with a written action plan |
Abbreviation: CPAP, continuous positive airway pressure.