Table I.
Clock genes and oral cancer.
| Authors, year | Cell type/origin | Methods | Results/conclusions | (Refs.) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zhao et al, 2016 | In vitro: SCC15 cell line; In vivo: Nude mice | PER1 knockdown in SCC15 cells; In vivo tumerigenisity of SCC cells evaluated in mice | Enhanced proliferation, reduced apoptosis and enhanced the tumorigenic capacity of SCC15 cells in vivo and in vitro; mRNA expression of PER3, TIM, RORα and REV-ERBα was significantly up-regulated; mRNA expression of PER2, CRY1, CRY2 and NPAS2 was significantly down-regulated | (96) |
| Fu et al, 2016 | In vitro: SCC15 cell line; In vivo: Nude mice | Quantitative real-time PCR; In vivo tumerigenisity of SCC cells evaluated in mice | Increased expression of Cyclin D1, Cyclin E, Cyclin b1, CDK1 and WEE1; Decreased expression of P53, Cyclin A2, P16, P21, and CDC25; Fewer cells in S phase and more cells in G2/M phase; Enhanced proliferation and reduced apoptosis; Enhanced tumorigenicity of PER1 downregulated SCC15 cells in vivo | (100) |
| Li et al, 2016 | In vitro: SCC15 cell line; In vivo: Nude mice | PER1 knockdown in SCC15 cells; In vivo tumerigenisity of SCC cells evaluated in mice | Profeleration, migration and invasion increased whereas apoptosis decreased; Up-regulated expression of tumorrelated genes; Enhanced in vivo tumerogenesis | (95) |
| Wang et al, 2016 | OSCC cell line Tca8113 | Per2 downregulation; Quantitative real-time PCR | Increased Cyclin A2, B1 and D1, CDK4, CDK6 and E2F1; Decreased p53, p16 and p21; Increased profileration; Decreased apoptosis | (101) |
| Zhao et al, 2013 | 32 mice injected with human OSCC cell line BcaCD885 | Measured tumor progression after 3 weeks | Circadian rhythm in tumor volume and proliferative index; Not in apoptotic index | (97) |
| Chen et al, 2012 | Human cancerous and healthy adjacent tissue from 41 OSCC patients | PER1 protein and mRNA expression and clinicopathological features | Significantly decreased expression of PER1 in diseased tissue;Gradually decreased expression during cancer development | (94) |
| Hsu et al, 2012 | Human cancerous and noncancerous tissue from 40 HNSCC patients | Quantitative real-time PCR | PER1, PER2, PER3, CRY2, BMAL were significantly downregulated; The expression levels were most changed for CRY2 | (45) |
| Sato et al, 2011 | Cell line from human gingival cancer CA9-22; Tumor and non tumor tissue from 13 patients | Knockdown and overexpression of PER1 and PER3; Quantitative real-time PCR | PER1 knockdown enhanced apoptosis while PER3 knockdown inhibited apoptosis in CA9-22; PER1 overrepresented in cancerous tissue; PER3 overrepresented in non cancerous tissue | (104) |
SCC, squamous cell carcinoma; OSCC, oral squamous cell carcinoma; HNSCC, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.