Table 1. Aphid Feeding Behavior, Measured by 8-h Electrical Penetration Graph Recordings on the Natural Arabidopsis Accessions Col-0 and C24, a NIL of Col-0 with a C24 Introgression Covering the Region around SLI1, and the T-DNA Lines sli1-1 and sli1-2.
Variable |
20°C |
26°C |
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Col-0 | C24 | NIL | sli1-1 | sli1-2 | Col-0 | C24 | NIL | sli1-1 | sli1-2 | |
Total duration nonprobing | 196 ± 30 | 118 ± 18* | 169 ± 27ns | 164 ± 15ns | 107 ± 22* | 141 ± 14 | 98.3 ± 13* | 129 ± 18ns | 55.2 ± 12*** | 119 ± 24ns |
Total duration epidermis/mesophyll | 150 ± 21 | 169 ± 24ns | 154 ± 16ns | 121 ± 15ns | 91.5 ± 25ns | 181 ± 13 | 176 ± 16ns | 152 ± 19ns | 69.7 ± 9*** | 93.9 ± 16** |
Number of probes <3 min | 26.8 ± 4.4 | 23.6 ± 3.5ns | 29.8 ± 5.2ns | 28.5 ± 4.2ns | 26.2 ± 9.2ns | 27.4 ± 3.9 | 29.9 ± 5ns | 27.1 ± 4.2ns | 8.4 ± 2.2*** | 21.5 ± 5.6ns |
Total duration difficulties | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0ns | 0 ± 0ns | 18.3 ± 8.5* | 0 ± 0ns | 9.5 ± 6.9 | 2.6 ± 2ns | 3.2 ± 3.2ns | 1.4 ± 1.4ns | 11.8 ± 5.7ns |
Number of difficulties | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0ns | 0 ± 0ns | 0.8 ± 0.3* | 0 ± 0ns | 0.2 ± 0.1 | 0.1 ± 0.1ns | 0.1 ± 0.1ns | 0 ± 0ns | 0.8 ± 0.4ns |
Latency to 1st salivation | 156 ± 27 | 128 ± 17ns | 122 ± 18ns | 166 ± 26ns | 128 ± 22ns | 116 ± 22 | 83.4 ± 14ns | 99 ± 23ns | 102 ± 17ns | 179 ± 36ns |
Total duration salivation | 6.4 ± 1.6 | 5.6 ± 0.8ns | 6.1 ± 1.2ns | 3.9 ± 0.7ns | 1.4 ± 0.3* | 9.4 ± 2.3 | 6.1 ± 0.9ns | 4.5 ± 0.9* | 1.8 ± 0.5*** | 1.3 ± 0.3*** |
Number of salivations | 6.5 ± 1.2 | 8.8 ± 1.3ns | 8.6 ± 1.4ns | 5.4 ± 1ns | 1.8 ± 0.3* | 9.2 ± 0.9 | 11.1 ± 1.4* | 7.1 ± 0.9ns | 2.2 ± 0.3*** | 1.7 ± 0.4*** |
Number of single salivations | 0.9 ± 0.4 | 0.2 ± 0.1ns | 0.5 ± 0.2ns | 0.2 ± 0.1ns | 0.2 ± 0.1ns | 0.6 ± 0.3 | 0.2 ± 0.2ns | 0.5 ± 0.2ns | 0.3 ± 0.1ns | 0.1 ± 0.1* |
Mean duration salivation | 1 ± 0.2 | 0.7 ± 0.1ns | 0.7 ± 0.1ns | 0.8 ± 0.1ns | 0.8 ± 0.1ns | 1 ± 0.2 | 0.6 ± 0.1* | 0.6 ± 0.1* | 0.7 ± 0.1ns | 0.8 ± 0.1ns |
% Salivation in phloem phase | 11.9 ± 4.9 | 4.3 ± 0.8ns | 8.2 ± 2.4ns | 3.1 ± 0.8ns | 2 ± 1.5** | 8.5 ± 1.5 | 3.6 ± 0.6* | 5.8 ± 2ns | 0.6 ± 0.2*** | 4.2 ± 2.4** |
Latency to 1st phloem feeding | 161 ± 27 | 138 ± 19ns | 123 ± 18ns | 167 ± 26ns | 138 ± 28ns | 129 ± 23 | 83.9 ± 14ns | 114 ± 24ns | 110 ± 19ns | 186 ± 39ns |
Total duration phloem feeding | 118 ± 34 | 187 ± 34ns | 151 ± 36ns | 173 ± 20ns | 280 ± 41* | 137 ± 20 | 198 ± 23* | 192 ± 35ns | 345 ± 18*** | 251.1 ± 41* |
Total duration sustained feeding | 107 ± 34 | 169 ± 35ns | 132 ± 37ns | 166 ± 21* | 279 ± 41* | 119 ± 21 | 170 ± 25ns | 174 ± 36ns | 344 ± 18*** | 249 ± 42* |
Number of phloem feedings | 5.2 ± 1 | 8.2 ± 1.2ns | 7.3 ± 1.3ns | 4.9 ± 0.9ns | 1.7 ± 0.3* | 7 ± 0.9 | 10 ± 1.2ns | 6.3 ± 1ns | 1.8 ± 0.2*** | 1.5 ± 0.3*** |
Number of sustained feedings | 2.2 ± 2.2 | 4.4 ± 4.4** | 2.7 ± 2.7ns | 2.8 ± 2.8ns | 1.2 ± 1.2ns | 2.8 ± 2.8 | 4.3 ± 4.3* | 2.3 ± 2.3ns | 1.4 ± 1.4*** | 0.9 ± 0.9*** |
Mean duration phloem feeding | 54.7 ± 38 | 33.8 ± 12ns | 30 ± 11ns | 62.6 ± 13ns | 232 ± 44** | 26 ± 5.7 | 39.5 ± 17ns | 45.2 ± 16ns | 254 ± 31*** | 222 ± 42** |
Mean duration sustained feeding | 78 ± 40 | 42.2 ± 11ns | 47.8 ± 12ns | 108 ± 25ns | 270 ± 36*** | 50.6 ± 10 | 59 ± 18ns | 85.5 ± 17* | 298 ± 26*** | 273 ± 39*** |
% Aphids phloem feeding | 84.6 | 100 ± 0ns | 100 ± 0ns | 100 | 92.3 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 93.8 |
Total duration xylem ingestion | 9.8 ± 5.8 | 0 ± 0* | 0 ± 0* | 0 ± 0* | 0.5 ± 0.5ns | 1.9 ± 1.7 | 0 ± 0ns | 0 ± 0ns | 6.6 ± 3.1ns | 2.8 ± 2.8ns |
Number of xylem ingestions | 0.5 ± 0.2 | 0 ± 0* | 0 ± 0* | 0 ± 0* | 0.1 ± 0.1ns | 0.1 ± 0.1 | 0 ± 0ns | 0 ± 0ns | 0.2 ± 0.1ns | 0.1 ± 0.1ns |
Time is shown in minutes. Mean ± se. Mann-Whitney U pairwise comparisons were performed between Col-0 and the plant lines C24, NIL, sli1-1, and sli1-2 for temperature treatments separately (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001). Significant differences between 20 and 26°C within plant lines are shown in bold (Mann-Whitney U pairwise comparisons, P < 0.05). “Difficulties” involve penetration difficulties. “Sustained” involves events > 10 min. Latency was measured from the start of the recording. Single salivations were phloem salivations that were not directly followed or preceded by phloem ingestion. Between 12 and 20 biological replicates were measured (20°C: Col-0 n = 13, C24 n = 12, NIL n = 12, sli1-1 n = 16, sli1-2 n = 13; 26°C: Col-0 n = 20, C24 n = 14, NIL n = 14, sli1-1 n = 20, sli1-2 n = 16).