Table 1. Primary Metabolic Traits, Experiments Performed, and Heritability.
| Targeted Metabolic Pathway | Trait Acronym | Complete Trait Name | Exp | Broad-Sense H2 |
Marker-Based h2 |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exp1 | Exp2 | Exp1 | Exp2 | ||||
| Biomass | FW | Fresh weight | 1 | 45.2 | – | 44.0 | – |
| Structural components | ChlA | Chlorophyll A | 1,2, KO | 40.0 | 50.0 | 36.0 | 52.0 |
| ChlB | Chlorophyll B | 1,2, KO | 14.3 | 21.4 | 13.2 | 12.8 | |
| Prot | Protein | 1,2, KO | 30.9 | 39.3 | 31.6 | 39.4 | |
| AA | NO3− | Nitrate | 1,2, KO | 46.3 | 50.4 | 46.3 | 50.7 |
| AA | Amino acids | 1,2, KO | 50.6 | 47.8 | 49.0 | 47.9 | |
| Sugars | Fru | Fructose | 1,2, KO | 14.9 | 32.8 | 14.6 | 32.9 |
| Glc | Glucose | 1,2, KO | 28.7 | 55.4 | 27.1 | 55.5 | |
| G6P | Glucose-6-phosphate | 1,2, KO | 19.4 | 33.4 | 18.0 | 34.1 | |
| Suc | Sucrose | 1,2, KO | 12. 9 | 31.2 | 10.2 | 31.9 | |
| Starch | Starch | 1,2, KO | 39.9 | 46.1 | 37.0 | 46.5 | |
| Organic acids | Fum | Fumarate | 1,2, KO | 63.7 | 57.5 | 63.9 | 58.0 |
| Mal | Malate | 1,2, KO | 73.8 | 71.6 | 74.8 | 71.0 | |
| Sucrose breakdown | FK | Fructokinase | 1,2 | 8.9 | 0.0 | 6.5 | 0.96 |
| GK | Glucokinase | 1,2 | 8.7 | 3.1 | 4.2 | 3.2 | |
| aINV | Acid invertase | 1,2, KO | 50.8 | 54.2 | 50.4 | 54.9 | |
| nINV | Neutral invertase | 1,2, KO | 26.5 | 33.0 | 26.1 | 31.1 | |
| Glycolysis and respiration | G6PDH | Glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase | 1,2 | 2.3 | 6.1 | 0.3 | 1.3 |
| FBP | Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase | 1,2 | 9.5 | 0.0 | 8.9 | 0.6 | |
| Fumarase | Fumarate hydratase | 1,2, KO | 9.2 | 13.1 | 10.1 | 16.7 | |
| MDH | Malate dehydrogenase (NAD) | 2, KO | – | 15.9 | – | 18.6 | |
| TPI | Triose-phosphate isomerase | 2, KO | – | 16.2 | – | 18.2 | |
| PEPC | Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase | 2, KO | – | 25.7 | – | 25.7 | |
| TK | Transketolase | 2 | – | 0.0 | 6.1 | ||
| Calvin-Benson cycle | iRUB | Rubisco (initial) | 1,2 | 2.2 | 13.8 | 6.4 | 13.3 |
| mRUB | Rubisco (maximal) | 1,2 | 3.2 | 23.4 | 2.3 | 24.0 | |
| Sucrose synthesis | SPS | Sucrose phosphate synthase | 1,2 | 58.3 | 8.8 | 55.7 | 10.9 |
| UGP | UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase | 1,2, KO | 36.5 | 37.4 | 34.4 | 37.7 | |
| PGM | Phosphoglucomutase | 1,2 | 0.0 | 5.3 | 2.7 | 9.4 | |
| cPGI | Phosphoglucoisomerase (cytosolic) | 1,2, KO | 9.9 | 18.2 | 12.1 | 19.3 | |
| tPGI | Phosphoglucoisomerase (total) | 1,2, KO | 2.8 | 3.6 | 7.6 | 10.9 | |
| Starch synthesis | pPGI | Phosphoglucoisomerase (plastidial) | 1,2, KO | 0.5 | 0.0 | 6.3 | 1.7 |
| AGP | ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase | 1,2, KO | 34.6 | 19.5 | 33.1 | 19.8 | |
| Nitrogen metabolism | NRVm | Nitrate reductase (maximal velocity) | 1,2, KO | 12.7 | 30.2 | 14.2 | 31.1 |
| NRVs | Nitrate reductase (selective velocity) | 1,2, KO | 24.2 | 34.8 | 23.5 | 35.0 | |
| GDH | Glutamate dehydrogenase | 2, KO | – | 34.4 | – | 33.7 | |
| SKDH | Shikimate dehydrogenase | 2 | – | 7.4 | – | 6.0 | |
Targeted metabolic pathway, complete trait names, trait acronyms, and experiments (Exp) performed for each trait: GWAS (1, 2) and/or with KO lines (KO). Broad-sense heritability (H2) and marker-based heritability (h2) obtained using replicates for model GAPIT are displayed for each experiment.