Table 2.
Response Surface Parameters Indicating Effects of Personality-Job Combinations on Annual Income
| Parameter | Coefficient | 95% confidence interval | p | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Extraversion | ||||||
| a1 (linear effect of congruence) | 0.058 | [0.021, 0.096] | .002 | |||
| a2 (curvilinear effect of congruence) | −0.009 | [−0.044, 0.027] | .642 | |||
| a3 (linear effect of incongruence) | −0.004 | [−0.041, 0.034] | .855 | |||
| a4 (curvilinear effect of incongruence) | −0.031 | [−0.069, 0.006] | .105 | |||
| Agreeableness | ||||||
| a1 (linear effect of congruence) | −0.008 | [−0.044, 0.029] | .678 | |||
| a2 (curvilinear effect of congruence) | −0.017 | [−0.037, 0.002] | .087 | |||
| a3 (linear effect of incongruence) | −0.059 | [−0.096, −0.022] | .002 | |||
| a4 (curvilinear effect of incongruence) | −0.031 | [−0.054, −0.008] | .009 | |||
| Conscientiousness | ||||||
| a1 (linear effect of congruence) | 0.106 | [0.070, 0.142] | < .001 | |||
| a2 (curvilinear effect of congruence) | 0.018 | [−0.009, 0.046] | .194 | |||
| a3 (linear effect of incongruence) | −0.102 | [−0.137, −0.066] | < .001 | |||
| a4 (curvilinear effect of incongruence) | −0.022 | [−0.049, 0.005] | .117 | |||
| Emotional stability | ||||||
| a1 (linear effect of congruence) | 0.092 | [0.052, 0.133] | < .001 | |||
| a2 (curvilinear effect of congruence) | 0.006 | [−0.024, 0.037] | .687 | |||
| a3 (linear effect of incongruence) | −0.013 | [−0.054, 0.028] | .534 | |||
| a4 (curvilinear effect of incongruence) | −0.019 | [−0.050, 0.013] | .251 | |||
| Openness to experience | ||||||
| a1 (linear effect of congruence) | 0.057 | [0.018, 0.096] | .004 | |||
| a2 (curvilinear effect of congruence) | −0.029 | [−0.047, −0.010] | .002 | |||
| a3 (linear effect of incongruence) | −0.054 | [−0.094, −0.014] | .009 | |||
| a4 (curvilinear effect of incongruence) | −0.038 | [−0.063, −0.014] | .002 | |||
Note: The a1 parameter (linear effect of the line of congruence) is positive when combinations of high traits and high job demands predict higher income levels. The a2 parameter (curvilinear effect of congruence) is positive when there is an income bonus for individuals whose very low or very high levels of traits are congruent with their jobs’ demands. The a3 parameter (linear effect of the line of incongruence) is positive when income is higher if people’s personality exceeds the level of job demands and negative when such combinations are associated with lower income. Finally, the a4 parameter (curvilinear effect of incongruence) is positive when individual deviations from the normative job demands are rewarded with higher income and negative when such nonfitting combinations are associated with lower income.