Table 5. Results compared across the 3 known fixed wing aerial application studies targeting sentinel adult Ae. aegypti with naled or dichlorvos.
| Abbott-corrected adult Ae. aegypti mortality averaged across all comparable sentinels in each study | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outdoor | Indoor | ||||||||||||
| Study | Conditions | Location | Spray system |
Flight | Formulation | Application | Swath | 4 hr | 12 hr | 24 hr | 4 hr | 12 hr | 24 hr |
| Merk et al. 1971 [16] | 11 Aug 1970 Morning 61°F 72%RH wind 4.5–5.3 mph (3.9–4.6 kt) |
Illarsaz, Switzerland | Pilatus Porter PC-6 Micronair AU 3000 |
125 ft AGL 107 mph (93 kt) |
Dichlorvos, 95% technical grade | 3.6 fl oz/A VMD ~48 μm r 0.73/mm2 |
656 ft 4 swaths |
93.3% | - | - | 75.3% | - | - |
| US CDC 1987 [12] | 28 Jul-8 Aug 1987 0600–0930 h 73–91°F %RH not available wind 6.9–10.3 mph (6–9 kt) |
San Juan, Puerto Rico |
C-130A IPSS Wing booms 8005 (28 Jul) 8003 (5–8 Aug) |
150 ft AGL 230 mph (~200 kt) |
Dibrom 14 (naled, 85%) | 1 fl oz/A VMD unknown r unknown |
1000 ft multiple swaths |
- | - | 94.2% | - | - | 71.0% |
| Present study | 29–30 Oct 2013 0945–1345 h 73.1–82.2°F 50.0–74.4%RH wind 1.4–5.8 mph (1.2–5.2 kt) |
Camp Blanding Joint Training Center, Starke, Florida | C-130H MASS Fuselage booms 8001 (29 Oct) 8003 (30 Oct) |
150 ft AGL 230 mph (~200 kt) |
Dibrom Concentrate (naled 87.4%) |
0.84–1 fl oz/A VMD unknown r unknown |
500 ft 12 swaths |
97.7% | 100% | - | 61.4% | 68.9% | - |
Droplet VMD and density (r) and indoor and outdoor Abbott-corrected mortality values are averaged across all measurements within each study. To make the studies more comparable, mortality data from the present study do not include protected locations indoors or outdoors because neither of the other studies placed sentinels in protected locations. Meteorological data are presented as a range across all applications within each study. Meteorological data were not published in [12] and so were obtained from the National Centers for Environmental Information at https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/cdo-web/search. Meteorological data for [16] and the present study were recorded locally at the time of application.