FIG 12.

Actin is important for HCoV-NL63 entry. LLC-MK2 cells were incubated with DMSO (A), 10 μM cytochalasin D (B and E), 1.5 μM jasplakinolide (C and F), or 400 nM nocodazole (D and G) for 1 h at 37°C and then inoculated with purified HCoV-NL63 and incubated at 32°C for 1 h. Actin and virus localization was verified with confocal microscopy; fixed cells were immunostained for HCoV-NL63 particles (green), actin (red), and nuclei (blue). Scale bars = 10 μm.