Signs suggestive of functional disorder of memory	Signs suggestive of neurodegenerative disorder
More likely to attend clinic alone	Attending with companion, and companion is more worried about memory than patient
Worried about their memory	May turn head towards companion when unable to answer
Providing clear personal history and explicit, detailed examples of memory failures	Unable to provide personal history, from recent past, such as, detailed information about what they did last weekend, or information on news items
Demonstrates working memory within the interaction (refer to things they have said earlier) Able to answer multi-part questions	Provides examples of memory failures as ‘all of the time’ or everyday but cannot provide specific examples Evidence of short-term memory problems within consultation (repetition) Struggles with multi-part questions May use humour or try to ‘save face’ during cognitive testing

^aFor training modules and examples of real-life cases showing the signs described in this study, visit the University of Sheffield website on conversation analysis in dementia and functional memory disorder at http://sitran.blymi.com.