TABLE 1.
Patient Characteristics at the Time of Index PCI
| Characteristic | All patients (n=1815) | LOF- Alternative (n=346) | LOF- Clopidogrel (n=226) | Non-LOF (n=1243) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 62.7 ± 11.8 | 61.4 ± 11.4 | 64.3 ± 11.7* | 62.8 ± 11.8* |
| Male sex | 1224 (67.4) | 245 (70.8) | 150 (66.4) | 829 (66.7) |
| Race | ||||
| White | 1416 (78.0) | 267 (77.2) | 172 (76.1) | 977 (78.6) |
| Black | 285 (15.7) | 54 (15.6) | 39 (17.3) | 192 (15.4) |
| Other | 114 (6.3) | 25 (7.2) | 15 (6.6) | 74 (6.0) |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 30.0 ± 6.2 | 30.1 ± 7.0 | 30.0 ± 6.5 | 29.8 ± 5.9 |
| Current smoker | 548 (30.2) | 96 (27.7) | 80 (35.4) | 372 (29.9) |
| PCI indication | ||||
| ACS | 1210 (66.7) | 237 (68.5) | 145 (64.2) | 828 (66.6) |
| STEMI | 350 (19.3) | 75 (21.7) | 33 (14.6) | 242 (19.5) |
| Non-STEMI | 513 (28.3) | 96 (27.7) | 72 (31.8) | 345 (27.7) |
| Unstable angina | 347 (19.1) | 66 (19.1) | 40 (17.7) | 241 (19.4) |
| Stable coronary disease | 553 (30.5) | 99 (28.6) | 70 (31.0) | 384 (30.9) |
| Other/unknown | 52 (2.8) | 10 (2.9) | 11 (4.9) | 31 (2.5) |
| Pre-PCI P2Y12 inhibitor† | ||||
| Clopidogrel | 1204 (66.3) | 202 (58.4) | 178 (78.8) | 824 (66.3) |
| Prasugrel | 235 (12.9) | 68 (19.7) | 6 (2.7) | 161 (13.0) |
| Ticagrelor | 218 (12.0) | 47 (13.6) | 23 (10.2) | 148 (11.9) |
| Not available | 158 (8.7) | 29 (8.4) | 19 (8.4) | 110 (8.8) |
| PCI type‡ | ||||
| Drug eluting stent | 1518 (83.6) | 293 (84.7) | 182 (80.5) | 1043 (83.9) |
| Bare metal stent | 275 (15.2) | 46 (13.3) | 40 (17.7) | 189 (15.2) |
| Balloon angioplasty | 21 (1.2) | 7 (2.0) | 3 (1.3) | 11 (0.9) |
| Medical history | ||||
| Hypertension | 1449 (79.8) | 260 (75.1) | 183 (81.0) | 1006 (80.9)* |
| Diabetes | 691 (38.1) | 110 (31.8) | 93 (41.2)* | 488 (39.3)* |
| Dyslipidemia | 1229 (67.7) | 236 (68.2) | 154 (68.1) | 839 (67.5) |
| Chronic Kidney Disease§ | 538 (29.6) | 106 (30.6) | 77 (34.1) | 355 (28.6) |
| Myocardial infarction | 470 (25.9) | 86 (24.9) | 68 (30.1) | 316 (25.4) |
| Revascularization | 779 (42.9) | 137 (39.6) | 103 (45.6) | 539 (43.4) |
| Coronary artery bypass graft | 313 (17.3) | 61 (17.7) | 43 (19.0) | 209 (16.9) |
| Heart failure | 252 (13.9) | 42 (12.1) | 37 (16.4) | 173 (13.9) |
| Left ventricular EF (%)? | 51.7 ± 11.9 | 52.4 ± 11.4 | 50.2 ± 12.8 | 51.8 ± 11.9 |
| Stroke or TIA | 183 (10.1) | 24 (6.9) | 36 (15.9)* | 123 (9.9) |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 155 (8.5) | 24 (6.9) | 28 (12.4)* | 103 (8.3) |
| Atrial fibrillation/flutter | 159 (8.8) | 27 (7.8) | 25 (11.1) | 107 (8.6) |
| Gastrointestinal bleed | 54 (3.0) | 14 (4.1) | 10 (4.4) | 30 (2.4) |
| Discharge medication | ||||
| Aspirin | 1782 (98.2) | 342 (98.8) | 220 (97.4) | 1220 (98.2) |
| Proton pump inhibitor | 586 (32.3) | 110 (31.8) | 72 (31.9) | 404 (32.5) |
| Anticoagulant | 152 (8.4) | 22 (6.4) | 26 (11.5)* | 104 (8.4) |
| Statin | 1686 (92.9) | 329 (95.1) | 210 (92.9) | 1147 (92.3) |
| ACE inhibitor or ARB | 1202 (66.2) | 238 (68.8) | 152 (67.3) | 812 (65.3) |
| B-blocker | 1539 (84.8) | 285 (82.4) | 181 (80.1) | 1073 (86.3) |
No. (%) or mean ± SD
ACE, angiotensin converting enzyme; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; BMI, body mass index; EF, ejection fraction; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; STEMI, ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction; TIA, transient ischemic attack
LOF-Clopidogrel patients were those with at least 1 loss-of-function allele (i.e. *2, *3…) treated with clopidogrel
LOF-Alternative patients were those with at least 1 loss-of-function allele (i.e. *2, *3…) treated with prasugrel, ticagrelor, or high dose clopidogrel
Non-LOF patients were those with no loss-of-function allele: *1/*1, *1/*17, or *17/*17 genotype.
p<0.05 compared to LOF-Alternative group
Pre-PCI P2Y12 inhibitor defined as drug used for loading or, if the drug used for loading was not reported, P2Y12 inhibitor on admission was used.
One patient had a stent placed but no data were provided on type of stent
Chronic kidney disease defined as an estimated creatinine clearance (based on the Cockcroft-Gault formula) <60 ml/min
Left ventricular ejection fraction, as measured during cardiac catheterization, was available for 1,274 patients