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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jan 19.
Published in final edited form as: Circ Res. 2017 Dec 12;122(2):282–295. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.117.310725

Figure 7. Ablation of the β2-AR results in physiological mitochondrial fission and enhanced exercise capacity.

Figure 7

(A) β2−/− mice, a model of unopposed physiologic-level β1-AR signaling, show dramatic mitochondrial fragmentation with increased number and decreased area and perimeter versus WT littermates (n=3–5/group). (B) Drp1 mitochondrial translocation was increased and PINK1 was decreased in sedentary β2−/− (n=3/group). (C) Despite marked mitochondrial fragmentation, β2−/− mice had normal baseline respiration by Oroboros oxygraph normalized to 50μg of mitochondria (n=4/group). (D) β2−/− mice have enhanced exercise running time, distance and work, which is blocked with β1-AR inhibition by metoprolol (n=8/group).