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. 2018 Jan 1;21(1):90–103. doi: 10.1089/jmf.2017.0016

FIG. 1.

FIG. 1.

AMS bioactivity in vitro. (A) Cell survival index, evaluated by the MTT assay and the determination of live/dead cell ratio. Human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) were treated for 48 h with a range of concentrations (from 0.09 to 2.3 mg/mL) of AMS (Annurca apple polyphenolic extract microencapsulated with maltodextrins, AppleMetS). Results are expressed in line graph as the percentage of cell survival index to untreated control cultures and are reported as mean ± SEM (n = 5) of three independent experiments. Cisplatin is the positive control for cytotoxicity (cDDP). The amounts of cisplatin used to estimate its concentration/effect curve are reported as mg/mL (3 × 10−3, 7.5 × 10−3, 1.5 × 10−2), corresponding to 10, 25, and 50 micromolar concentrations, respectively. ***P < .001 versus control (untreated cells); **P < .01 versus control (untreated cells). (B) Inversely correlated fluorescent measures for live and dead cell counting after AMS treatments. HaCaT cells were incubated with AMS for the indicated times (24 and 48 h) and concentrations (from 0.009 to 2.3 mg/mL), and then the MultiTox-Fluor Multiplex Cytotoxicity Assay (Promega) was performed according to the manufacturer's instructions. Results are reported in line graphs as mean percentage ± SEM (n = 5) of live and dead cells of four independent experiments. cDDP, cis-diamminedichloroplatinum; SEM, standard error of the mean.