Table 3.
Effects of Annurca Apple Supplements on Plasma Indicators of Hepatic and Renal Function in Subgroups
| AMS | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AST (GOT) (U/L) | ALT (GPT) (U/L) | γ-GTP (U/L) | ALP (U/L) | |||||||||
| t 0 | t 30 | t 60 | t 0 | t 30 | t 60 | t 0 | t 30 | t 60 | t 0 | t 30 | t 60 | |
| Mean value | 21.6 | 21.5 | 21.5 | 27.9 | 27.5 | 27.6 | 37.2 | 36.2 | 34.4 | 222.6 | 220.4 | 215.9 |
| Δ (%) | −0.5 | −0.5 | −1.4 | −1.1 | −2.7 | −7.5 | −0.98 | −3.0 | ||||
| LDH (U/L) | Albumin (g/dL) | Total bilirubin (mg/dL) | Creatinine (mg/dL) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| t 0 | t 30 | t 60 | t 0 | t 30 | t 60 | t 0 | t 30 | t 60 | t 0 | t 30 | t 60 | |
| Mean value | 177.0 | 176.5 | 170.2 | 4.31 | 4.32 | 4.16 | 0.57 | 0.57 | 0.54 | 0.84 | 0.82 | 0.80 |
| Δ (%) | −0.28 | −3.84 | +0.23 | −3.48 | — | −5.26 | −2.38 | −4,76 | ||||
| AMSbzs | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AST (GOT) (U/L) | ALT (GPT) (U/L) | γ-GTP (U/L) | ALP (U/L) | |||||||||
| t 0 | t 30 | t 60 | t 0 | t 30 | t 60 | t 0 | t 30 | t 60 | t 0 | t 30 | t 60 | |
| Mean value | 21.8 | 21.8 | 21.7 | 27.3 | 26.9 | 27.0 | 37.4 | 35.7 | 34.8 | 222.8 | 220.6 | 214.7 |
| Δ (%) | — | −0.46 | −1.46 | −1.10 | −4.54 | −6.95 | −0.99 | −3.63 | ||||
| LDH (U/L) | Albumin (g/dL) | Total bilirubin (mg/dL) | Creatinine (mg/dL) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| t 0 | t 30 | t 60 | t 0 | t 30 | t 60 | t 0 | t 30 | t 60 | t 0 | t 30 | t 60 | |
| Mean value | 179.9 | 178.8 | 172.2 | 4.41 | 4.32 | 4.23 | 0.59 | 0.57 | 0.54 | 0.83 | 0.80 | 0.79 |
| Δ (%) | −0.28 | −3.84 | +0.23 | −3.48 | — | −5.26 | −2.38 | −4,76 | ||||
Values are mean ± SD (n = 5). Subjects were administered with two AMS or AMSbzs capsules/day for 2 months. Results were significantly different at a level of P = .001.
AMS, Annurca apple polyphenolic extract microencapsulated with maltodextrins (AppleMetS); AMSbzs, formulation including Annurca apple polyphenolic extract microencapsulated with maltodextrins, biotin, selenium, and zinc (AppleMetS Hair); AST, aspartate aminotransferase; GOT, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase; ALT, alanine transaminase; GPT, glutamic pyruvic transaminase; γ-GTP, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase.