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. 2018 Jan 15;8:1773. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01773

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Copyright © 2018 Shaim, Estrov, Harris, Hernandez Sanabria, Liu, Ruvolo, Thompson, Ferrajoli, Daher, Burger, Muftuoglu, Imahashi, Li, Liu, Alsuliman, Basar, Nassif Kerbauy, Sobieski, Gokdemir, Kondo, Wierda, Keating, Shpall and Rezvani.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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STAT3 inhibition abrogates CXC chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12)–CXCR4 induced IL-10 production in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells. (A) The STAT3 inhibitor cucurbitacin inhibits CXCL12-induced IL-10 production by CLL cells. CLL cells were primed with 0.05 µM of the STAT3 inhibitor cucurbitacin for 2 h, and then stimulated with CXCL12 and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), ionomycin and BFA (PIB) (n = 9). (B) STAT3 knockdown using a green fluorescence protein (GFP)-lentivirus STAT3 short hairpin RNA (shRNA) resulted in abrogation of CXCL12 and CpG-induced IL-10 production in GFP+ CLL cells compared to CLL cells transfected with the empty vector (n = 3).