Table 2.
Comparison of the MRI indices and cognitive/social indices of interest between patients with schizophrenia and HCs.
| SZ (N = 163) | HC (N = 620) | Statistics | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Effect size, d | t or χ2 | p | ||
| MRI indices | ||||||||
| Hippocampus | L | 2553.8 | 415.4 | 2783.6 | 339.3 | −0.61 | t (781) = 7.32 | 6.0 × 10 −13 |
| R | 2049.9 | 393.8 | 2258.1 | 324.1 | −0.58 | t (781) = 6.96 | 7.2 × 10 −12 | |
| Amygdala | L | 811.8 | 155.8 | 862.2 | 161.8 | −0.32 | t (781) = 3.57 | 3.8 × 10 −4 |
| R | 987.9 | 198.4 | 1045.1 | 186.6 | −0.30 | t (781) = 3.44 | 6.2 × 10 −4 | |
| Thalamus | L | 2060.3 | 738.9 | 2232.0 | 670.5 | −0.24 | t (781) = 2.85 | 4.5 × 10 −3 |
| R | 1900.6 | 594.8 | 2070.0 | 553.1 | −0.29 | t (781) = 3.42 | 6.5 × 10 −4 | |
| Accumbens | L | 876.6 | 97.3 | 900.4 | 96.7 | −0.24 | t (781) = 2.79 | 5.4 × 10 −3 |
| R | 651.7 | 93.8 | 670.3 | 82.3 | −0.21 | t (781) = 2.49 | 1.3 × 10 −2 | |
| Caudate | L | 2039.4 | 365.8 | 1991.5 | 381.5 | 0.13 | t (781) = −1.44 | 0.15 |
| R | 2753.0 | 398.8 | 2656.0 | 399.7 | 0.24 | t (781) = −2.76 | 5.9 × 10 −3 | |
| Putamen | L | 5894.3 | 594.7 | 5759.0 | 572.7 | 0.23 | t (781) = −2.66 | 7.9 × 10 −3 |
| R | 5957.9 | 519.8 | 5742.7 | 504.8 | 0.42 | t (781) = −4.81 | 1.8 × 10 −6 | |
| Pallidum | L | 1383.9 | 221.4 | 1238.2 | 202.8 | 0.69 | t (781) = −8.00 | 4.4 × 10 −15 |
| R | 1205.8 | 171.9 | 1144.3 | 173.5 | 0.36 | t (781) = −4.03 | 6.0 × 10 −5 | |
| Cognitive indices of interest | ||||||||
| Full-Scale IQ | 88.1 | 17.9 | 112.0 | 12.1 | −1.57 | t (781) = 20.12 | 7.3 × 10 −73 | |
| Digit Symbol-Coding | 6.5 | 3.0 | 11.8 | 3.0 | −1.79 | t (781) = 20.44 | 1.0 × 10 −74 | |
| Social indices of interest | ||||||||
| Comprehension | 7.7 | 3.5 | 12.8 | 2.7 | −1.65 | t (781) = 20.39 | 2.1 × 10 −74 | |
| Picture Arrangement | 7.9 | 3.9 | 10.6 | 3.2 | −0.75 | t (781) = 9.02 | 1.4 × 10 −18 | |
| Total score of the UPSA-Ba | 67.8 | 16.8 | 82.9 | 7.8 | −1.16 | t (217) = 9.14 | 4.6 × 10 −17 | |
aOnly 68 patients with schizophrenia and 151 HCs have the UPSA-B data. The unit of MRI indices is mm3. Underlining indicates p < 0.05. Abbreviation: SZ, patients with schizophrenia; HCs, healthy controls; SD, standard deviation; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; L, left; R, right; IQ, intelligence quotient; UPSA-B, the University of California, San Diego, Performance-Based Skills Assessment Brief.