Table 1.
Demographic and neuropsychiatric data of the study subjects.
| Control (n = 120) | MCI (n = 66) | AD (n = 310) | P value* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male patients | 65 (54.2%) | 35 (53.0%) | 171 (55.2%) | 0.95 |
| Age, year | 74.9 (7.8) | 75.4 (8.2) | 80.1 (7.2) | <0.001 |
| Education years | 10.7 (5.1) | 10.5 (4.9) | 10.1 (4.6) | 0.47 |
| BMI | 24.1 (2.7) | 24.3 (3.9) | 23.7 (3.5) | 0.27 |
| CCI | 4.1 (1.7) | 3.9 (1.2) | 4.1 (1.1) | 0.37 |
| Disease duration, year | — | 3.3 (3.0) | 4.3 (4.1) | |
| CDR | ||||
| 0.5 | — | 66 (100%) | 22 (7.1%) | |
| 1.0 | — | — | 195 (62.9%) | |
| 2.0 | — | — | 80 (25.8%) | |
| 3.0 | — | — | 13 (4.2%) | |
| APOE ε4 carrier | 20 (16.7%) | 15 (22.7%) | 125 (40.3%) | <0.001 |
| MMSE | 27.6 (2.5) | 25.7 (2.9) | 18.0 (6.0) | <0.001 |
| Delayed recall | — | 4.6 (2.7) | 1.2 (1.9) | <0.001 |
| Category verbal fluency | — | 9.3 (2.6) | 6.2 (3.0) | <0.001 |
| Forward digit span | — | 9.6 (2.6) | 8.4 (3.1) | 0.007 |
| Backward digit span | — | 5.1 (2.0) | 3.9 (2.0) | <0.001 |
| Modified Boston naming | — | 13.5 (1.2) | 11.2 (3.1) | <0.001 |
The values indicate means with standard deviations unless otherwise indicated.
Post hoc Tukey test: Age: AD vs. control, p < 0.001; AD vs. MCI, p < 0.001; MMSE: AD vs. control, p < 0.001; AD vs. MCI, p < 0.001; MCI vs. control, p = 0.04.
MCI, mild cognitive impairment; AD, Alzheimer’s disease; BMI, body mass index; CCI, Charlson comorbidity index; CDR, Clinical Dementia Rating; APOE, apolipoprotein E; MMSE, Mini-Mental Status Examination.
*Chi-square test, two-sample t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, or one-way analysis of variance.