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. 2018 Jan 19;8:1263. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-19750-y

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Renal hemodynamics in stenotic kidney (STK) of mice. (A) STK volume decreased significantly 4 weeks after RAS compared to Sham, and no significant difference from RAS + EV. (B) STK cortical and medullar perfusion showed a significant decrease, which was improved by EV. (C) Higher serum creatinine in RAS compared to the Sham 4 weeks after surgery, which was restored by EV. (D) Peritubular capillary density was significantly decreased in RAS + Vehicle, but improved after EV treatment. (E) Decrease of STK oxygenation was observed in RAS + Vehicle compared to the Sham both in the cortex and medulla, which was restored by EV (*P < 0.05 vs SHAM, ^#P < 0.05 vs RAS + Vehicle).