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. 2018 Jan 19;8:1235. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-19777-1

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Age-dependent changes in human heart valves. (a) A timeline of experimental data of 24 paired human aortic and pulmonary heart valves (where each horizontal bar represents the age of one pair) were assigned to three age groups: infant, adolescent and adult (where the red dashed bars indicate the average age of each group). The age-dependent data informed the generation of a finite element model for each group. Temporal changes were considered in diastolic blood pressure^19–21 (b), annulus radius (c), leaflet thickness (d), circumferential (e) and radial (f) leaflet length, and aspect ratio between the circumferential and radial length (g)^14,18. Significant differences (p < 0.05) of geometrical measurements (c–g) between groups are indicated by paired symbols.