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. 2018 Jan 19;8:1245. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-19502-y

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Continuum FE model results under uniaxial compression. (A) Fit between mean experimental stress-strain curves of hydrogel matrix (dashed black line) and hydrogel FE prediction (solid black line). Sensitivity analysis of the fitted hydrogel material parameters: D1+10% (dotted blue line); D1–10% (dashed green line, C10+10% (dashed orange line), C10–10% and comparison with experimental stress-strain curves. (B) Fit between mean experimental stress-strain curves of the reinforcing scaffold with vf 3% (dashed black line) and respective scaffold FE prediction (solid black line). Sensitivity analysis of the fitted fibre scaffold material parameters: E₂ + 10% (dotted blue line); E₂–10% (dashed blue line), E_int + 10% (dashed orange line) and E_int −10% (solid grey line). Error bars represent the experimental standard deviation of a given stress value (n = 5). (C) Comparison of the predicted and experimental stiffnessess for the different fibre scaffolds alone (E_scaff) as a function of their fibre volume fraction. (D) Comparison of the predicted and experimental stiffnessess for the reinforced constructs (E_reinf) under compression loading, as a function of the fibre volume fraction, vf. Fibre diameter considered Ø = 20 µm. Distribution of the (E) transversal and (F) longitudinal stress for the reinforced construct and fibre scaffold, respectively, for the volume fraction of 3 and 7%. Stress is in MPa.