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. 2018 Jan 19;8:1221. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-19713-3

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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The reflectivity and the initial spin-dependent splitting in photonic SHE. (a–c) Show the reflectivity of light beam when the refractive index of sensing medium are chosen as n₃ = 1.33 and 1.335. Here, the number of the graphene layers are 1, 2, and 3. The calculated parameters of the biosensor are discussed in the main text. The initial spin-dependent shifts of photonic SHE are described in (d–f). The range of incident angles are focused on 60° to 90°. Dotted boxes represent the sensing area in which the spin-dependent splitting are sensitive to the refractive index change of sensing medium.