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. 2018 Jan 19;8:1221. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-19713-3

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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The proposed experimental setup: Sample, the biosensor composed of a BK7 glass, an Au film, and a graphene sheet. L1 and L2: lenses with effective focal length. HWP, half-wave plate (for adjusting the intensity). P1 and P2, Glan Laser polarizers. CCD, charge-coupled device for detecting the signal. The light source is a linearly polarized He-Ne laser. Here, the weak measurements is divided into three steps: preselection, weak coupling, and postselection. The inset represents that the angle between the transmission axes of P1 and P2 is 90° ± Δ.