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. 2018 Jan 19;8:1221. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-19713-3

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Determining the optimal amplified angle and the number of graphene layer in this optical sensor. (a–c) Denote the amplified spin-dependent displacements changing with the amplified angle Δ. The refractive index of sensing medium are chosen as n₃ = 1.33 and 1.335, and the graphene are selected as one layer, two layers, and three layers. The incident angles are fix to the optimal values discussed in the above picture. Here, the optimal amplified angles for obtaining the maximum shift deviation are Δ = 0.4°, 0.33°, and 0.3°. (d) Show the amplified spin-dependent shifts varying with the refractive index of sensing medium. The solid, dashed, and dotted curves describe the beam shifts corresponding to the different optimal amplified angles.