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. 2017 Nov 2;8(11):e3165. doi: 10.1038/cddis.2017.534

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Copyright © 2017 The Author(s)

Cell Death and Disease is an open-access journal published by Nature Publishing Group. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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Mechanical stretch induces IL-33 expression in articular chondrocytes. (a) Plain radiographs of normal (left) and osteoarthritic (right) knee; white arrow indicates non-weight-bearing area, while black arrow indicates weight-bearing area. (b) Histological images of knee articular tissue stained with H&E. Scale bar represents 50 μm. (c–e) Quantification of Il-33 (c), Mmp-1 (d), and Mmp-13 (e) expression in the articular cartilages of weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing areas. (f) Representative macroscopic images of rat knees with or without DMM surgery; the arrows indicate cartilage erosion and medial meniscus wear. (g–i) Quantification of Il-33, Il-1β, and Tnf-α (g); Mmp-1 (h); and Mmp-13 (i) expression in normal and osteoarthritic rat articular chondrocytes. **P<0.01 and ***P<0.001. P-values were analyzed by two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) in (g) and by t-test in (c–e, h, and i)