Table 2.
Demographic details and antibiotic prescribing information of the inpatients in the medicine departments of one teaching and one non-teaching hospital in Ujjain, India
| Medicine department |
Cardiovascular with no registered bacterial diagnosis Subgroup 1 |
Cardiovascular with suspected bacterial infection Subgroup 2 |
Malaria or viral fever with no registered bacterial diagnosis Subgroup 3 |
Malaria or viral fever with suspected bacterial infection Subgroup 4 |
|||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TH | NTH | p Value | TH | NTH | p Value | TH | NTH | p Value | TH | NTH | p Value | TH | NTH | p Value | |
| Inpatients, n | 6961 | 13 342 | 1068 | 1738 | 438 | 254 | 693 | 1177 | 55 | 28 | |||||
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 45 (17) | 43 (18) | <0.001 | 53 (14) | 55 (15) | <0.001 | 49 (17) | 51 (17) | 0.222 | 36 (15) | 35 (16) | 0.387 | 37 (14) | 40 (20) | 0.440 |
| Inpatients prescribed ABs, n (%) | 4540 (65) | 8900 (67) | 0.034 | 392 (37) | 808 (46) | <0.001 | 299 (68) | 179 (70) | 0.545 | 569 (82) | 831 (71) | <0.001 | 53 (96) | 21 (75) | 0.006* |
| Duration of hospital stay (days), mean (SD) | 6 (5) | 3 (3) | <0.001 | 6 (5) | 3 (3) | <0.001 | 7 (5) | 4 (3) | <0.001 | 4 (4) | 3 (2) | <0.001 | 5 (3) | 4 (2) | 0.796 |
| Duration of AB treatment (days), mean (SD) | 6 (4) | 4 (2) | <0.001 | 6 (4) | 4 (2) | <0.001 | 7 (4) | 4 (2) | <0.001 | 5 (3) | 4 (2) | <0.001 | 5 (2) | 5 (2) | 0.419 |
| Total AB prescription, n | 35 732 | 41 068 | 2741 | 3366 | 2388 | 855 | 3210 | 3451 | 316 | 128 | |||||
| Prescriptions per patient | 7.9 | 4.6 | 7 | 4 | 8 | 4.8 | 5.6 | 4.2 | 6 | 6.1 | |||||
| AB prescriptions by generic name, n (%) | 2341 (7) | 685 (2) | <0.001 | 175 (6) | 47 (1) | <0.001 | 282 (12) | 46 (5) | <0.001 | 61 (2) | 52 (2) | 0.214 | 19 (6) | 5 (4) | 0.374* |
| Prescriptions of AB found in NLEMI, n (%) | 27 640 (77) | 24 683 (60) | <0.001 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Significant p values are shown in bold. Independent sample t-test was used to compare age, duration of hospital stay and duration of antibiotic treatment. Pearson χ2 was used to compare prescription details with expected value >5.
*Fisher’s exact test was used to compare expected values <5.
AB, antibiotics; NLEMI, National List of Essential Medicines of India; n (%), number of patients (percentage); NTH, non-teaching hospital; SD, standard deviation; TH, teaching hospital.