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. 2018 Jan 15;8:1823. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01823

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Copyright © 2018 Soper, Kimura, Nagaoka, Konno, Yamamoto, Koyanagi and Sato.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) recognition and the following pathway for triggering type I interferon (IFN-I) expression. Cellular actions are indicated in green (in italic) with arrows, and viral replication steps are indicated in red (in italic) with arrows. Cellular actions triggered by PRRs [IFN-γ inducible protein 16 (IFI16), cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) and toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7)] are indicated in blue (in italic) with arrows. Cellular organelle, viral components, and sensor-related molecules are indicated in green, red, and blue, respectively. “P” with yellow circle indicates phosphorylation. The detail of each step is described in the main text.