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. 2018 Jan 19;18:10. doi: 10.1186/s12890-017-0567-3

Table 4.

Summary of adjusted linear regression analyses of lung function at 12.8 years in 463 Norwegian children according to weight-related anthropometrics

Outcome variablea
FVC % FEV1% FEV1/FVC % FEF25–75%/FVC
Predictor n b 95% CI F-test p b 95% CI F-test p b 95% CI F-test p b 95% CI F-test p
Weight SDS
 Birth 370 1.54 (0.51, 2.58) 0.004 1.60 (0.63, 2.56) 0.001 0.06 (−0.62, 0.75) 0.855 −0.67 (−2.77, 1.43) 0.529
BMI SDS
 3 months 346 1.99 (0.72, 3.25) 0.002 1.56 (0.37, 2.75) 0.011 −0.50 (−1.34, 0.34) 0.242 −0.98 (−3.54, 1.57) 0.448
 6 months 347 1.60 (0.42, 2.78) 0.008 1.43 (0.33, 2.53) 0.011 −0.29 (−1.08, 0.50) 0.471 −0.59 (−3.00, 1.82) 0.629
 1 year 345 1.51 (0.39, 2.62) 0.008 1.03 (−0.02, 2.07) 0.055 −0.54 (−1.28, 0.21) 0.157 −1.06 (−3.33, 1.21) 0.358
 4 yearsb 303 2.42 (1.17, 3.66) <0.001 1.92 (0.75, 3.09) 0.001 −0.57 (−1.42, 0.29) 0.193 −1.14 (−3.71, 1.42) 0.381
 10.8/11.8 yearsc, d 351 3.40 (2.36, 4.43) <0.001 1.98 (0.98, 2.98) <0.001 −1.47 (−2.18, −0.76) <0.001 −2.87 (−5.06, −0.67) 0.011
 12.8 yearsc 351 2.84 (1.79, 3.88) <0.001 1.49 (0.49, 2.50) 0.004 −1.39 (−2.09, −0.69) <0.001 −3.17 (−5.35, −1.00) 0.004
Other anthropometric SDSc
 WC
  10.8/11.8 yearsd 351 0.018 0.010 −1.18 (−1.95, −0.41) 0.003 −2.83 (−5.20, −0.46) 0.019
   Girls 177 3.88 (2.31, 5.46) 2.83 (1.33, 4.33) n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.
   Boys 174 1.24 (−0.33, 2.82) 0.12 (−1.38, 1.62) n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.
  12.8 years 351 0.009 0.029 −1.23 (−2.05, −0.41) 0.003 −3.03 (−5.55, −0.51) 0.019
   Girls 177 4.82 (3.24, 6.40) 3.36 (1.84, 4.88) n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.
   Boys 174 1.75 (0.02, 3.48) 0.90 (−0.76, 2.56) n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.
 WHtR
  10.8/11.8 yearsd 351 2.13 (0.99, 3.27) <0.001 0.66 (−0.43, 1.74) 0.234 −1.52 (−2.27, −0.77) <0.001 −2.58 (−4.91, −0.26) 0.030
  12.8 years 351 0.016 1.45 (0.26, 2.63) 0.017 −1.82 (−2.64, −0.99) <0.001 −3.15 (−5.72, −0.58) 0.017
   Girls 177 4.66 (2.98, 6.34) n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.
   Boys 174 1.76 (0.04, 3.48) n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.
 TSF
  10.8/11.8 yearsd 349 0.31 (−0.84, 1.45) 0.597 −0.21 (−1.28, 0.86) 0.696 −0.63 (−1.38, 0.13) 0.103 −0.11 (−2.42, 2.20) 0.926
  12.8 years 350 0.005 0.001 −0.59 (−1.37, 0.19) 0.136 −0.10 (−2.47, 2.28) 0.937
   Girls 176 2.19 (0.49, 3.88) 1.87 (0.29, 3.44) n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.
   Boys 174 −1.12 (−2.70, 0.45) −1.64 (−3.10, −0.17) n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.
 SSF
  12.8 years 340 0.035 1.01 (−0.23, 2.24) 0.110 −1.08 (−1.95, −0.20) 0.016 −1.26 (−3.95, 1.44) 0.360
   Girls 175 3.27 (1.52, 5.02) n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.
   Boys 165 0.65 (−1.17, 2.46) n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.

Statistically significant p-values are indicated in bold numbers. Where a significant interaction with gender was found, the p-value of the interaction and the coefficients and confidence intervals given each gender are presented

Abbreviations: FVC % forced vital capacity in percent of predicted, FEV1% forced expiratory volume in first second in percent of predicted, FEV1/FVC % ratio of FEV1 over FVC in percent of predicted, FEF25–75%/FVC ratio of forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of the forced vital capacity over FVC given as a percentage value, n number of participants; b: regression coefficient, CI confidence interval, BMI body mass index (kg/m2), SDS standard deviation score, F-test p refers to exposure only, WC waist circumference (cm), WHtR waist-to-height ratio, TSF triceps skinfold (mm), SSF subscapular skinfold (mm), n.a. not applicable

aModel adjusted for sex, birth order, gestational age, duration of breastfeeding (none, < 3 months, > 3 months) (not for weight SDS at birth, and for BMI SDS at 3 months), preeclampsia (none/mild or moderate/severe), maternal BMI and maternal smoking at first antenatal visit (yes/no), maternal age, maternal asthma and maternal education

bAlso adjusted for physical activity at 3–6 years

cAlso adjusted for physical activity at 6–10 years

d10.8/11.8 (girls/boys) years of age