Table 1.

Characteristics and outcomes of the study patients (N = 137)

Variables	Median (interquartile range) unless stated otherwise
Age, years	53 (43–69)
Male, no. (%)	97 (70.8)
Comorbidities, no. (%):
- Diabetes mellitus	41 (30)
- Cancer	28 (20)
- Chronic lung disease	33 (24)
- Congestive heart failure	56 (41)
Baseline organ support therapy, no. (%):
- Inotropes	54 (39)
- Mechanical ventilation	68 (50)
- Intra-aortic balloon pump	2 (2)
Baseline physical signs, no. (%):
- Tachycardia (> 110 bpm)	68 (50)
- Hypotension (< 100 mmHg)	70 (51)
- Tachypnoea (> 30 breaths/min)	77 (56)
- Hypothermia (< 36C°)	19 (14)
- Altered mental state	38 (28)
- Hypoxaemia (SaO2 < 90%)	104 (76)
Haemoglobin concentrations, d/L	110 (89–131)
Haematocrit, %	33 (27–40)
Plasma creatinine conc., μmol/L	89 (64–137)
CIN risk score	9 (4–16)
Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index	144 (99–190)
APACHE II score	23 (17–31)
Outcomes:
Maximum creatinine conc. within 48 h after CTPA, μmol/L	92 (65–178)
CIN within 48 h of CTPA, no. (%)	56 (41)
Required subsequent dialysis, no. (%)	35 (26)
Acute pulmonary embolism (PE), no. (%)	21 (15)
Bilateral PE, no. (%)	14 (10)
Pneumonia on CTPA, no. (%)	66 (48)
Hospital mortality, no. (%)	69 (50)
Length of ICU stay, days	6 (3–16)
Length of hospital stay, days	13 (7–26)
CIN prediction score > 10: PPV for CIN, %	75.5
CIN prediction score > 10: NPV for CIN, %	86.6
CIN prediction score > 12: PPV for dialysis, %	58.2
CIN prediction score > 12: NPV for dialysis, %	94.0

APACHE Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation, CTPA CT pulmonary angiography, CIN contrast-induced nephropathy: defined as an elevation in plasma creatinine concentrations > 44.2μmol/l (or 0.5 mg/dl) within 48 h after CTPA, ICU intensive care unit, NPV negative predictive value, PPV positive predictive value, SaO₂ arterial oxygen saturation