Table 2.

Characteristics of the nine studies comparing videolaryngoscopy to direct laryngoscopy

1st author	Journal, year	Setting	Patients’ characteristics	Personnel performing ETI	Videolaryngoscope model	Primary outcome	Comments
Yeatts DJ et al. [22]	J of Trauma and Acute Care Surg, 2013	Trauma resuscitation unit	Adult critically ill trauma patients	Emergency medicine residents, anesthesiology residents, attending anesthesiologists, nurse anesthetist	GlideScope	Survival to hospital discharge	No difference in the subgroup with anticipated difficult airways. Higher incidence of severe desaturation and worse mortality in the subgroup of head-injured patients intubated with videolaryngoscope
Griesdale DEG et al. [23]	Can J Anesth, 2012	ICU, ordinary ward, ED	Adult critically ill patients	Medical students or non-anesthesiology residents	GlideScope	Number of intubation attempts	No difference in intubation attempts. Significantly better visualization in the videolaryngoscope group, but lowest SaO2 during first attempt
Kim JW et al. [24]	Resuscitation, 2016	ED	Adult patients in cardiac arrest	Experienced intubators	GlideScope	Success rate of ETI by the intubator	No difference in the incidence of esophageal intubation and tooth injury. Chest compression interruption during CPR were longer in the direct laryngoscopy group
Goksu E et al. [25]	Turk J Emerg Med, 2016	ED	Blunt trauma patients	Residents and attending physicians of the ED	C-MAC	Overall successful intubation	Better glottis visualization and decreased esophageal intubation rate with videolaringoscopy. No difference in success rate even separating easy and difficult intubations
Janz DR et al. [26]	Crit Care Med, 2016	ICU	Adult critically ill patients	Pulmonary and critical care fellows	McGrath Mac or GlideScope or Olympus	Intubation on first attempt, adjusted for the operator’s previous experience	Better glottis visualization with videolaryngoscopy. No other differences
Driver BE et al. [27]	Acad EmergMed, 2016	ED	Adult critically ill patients	Senior residents	C-MAC	First-pass success rate	No difference in duration of first attempt, aspiration, hospital length of stay. No difference in success rate in the subgroup with anticipated difficult airways
Sulser S et al. [28]	Eur J Anaesth, 2016	ED	Adult critically ill patients	Experienced anesthesia consultants	C-MAC	First attempt success rate	Better glottis visualization in the videolaryngoscopy group. No difference in desaturation episodes or complications
Lascarrou JB et al [29]	JAMA, 2017	ICU	Adult critically ill	ICU physicians	McGrath Mac	Successful first-pass intubation	Better glottis visualization, but higher number of life-threatening complications with videolariyngoscopy. No difference in success rate even stratified for operator experience and expected difficult airways. No difference in number of intubation
Silverberg MJ et al. [30]	Crit Care Med, 2015	ICU and ordinary wards	Adult critically ill patients	Pulmonary and critical care fellows	GlideScope	First-attempt success rate	Better glottis visualization and lower number of attempts in the videolaryngoscopy group. No difference in overall complications rate. Neuromuscular blocking agents were not used

Abbreviations: ICU intensive care unit, ETI endotracheal intubation, SpO₂ peripheral oxygen saturation, CPR cardiopulmonary resuscitation