, P100 cells were seeded at 5,000 cells/cm2 and stimulated by 5 ng/ml TGF-β1 for 48 h, and then immunostained for Snail, α-SMA, MMP7 and MMP9. (A) To compare vs. control, TGF-β1 was used to promote cytoplasmic expression of Snail, α-SMA, MMP7 and MMP9, which was also confirmed by RT-PCR. (B) The Wnt/catenin inhibitor, Dickkopf, did not inhibit Snail, but it blocked the expression of MMP2 and α-SMA. BIO (a Wnt/catenin activator) also did not promote Snail, but promoted MMP2 and maintained α-SMA expression. Bar represents 50 μm.