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. 2018 Jan 17;12:4. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00004

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Copyright © 2018 Tatulli, Mitro, Cannata, Audano, Caruso, D’Arcangelo, Lettieri-Barbato and Aquilano.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Levels of inflammatory lysophospholipids and sphingomyelin (SM) are increased in mice treated with rotenone and subjected to IF. Brain regions containing SN were analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Levels of LPC coline species 20:4 (F_(3,11) = 10.54; **p < 0.01 vs. Ctr), LPC 18:0 (F_(3,11) = 11.52; **p < 0.01 vs. Ctr), LPC 18:1 (F_(3,12) = 103.61; ***p < 0.001 vs. Ctr), LPC 16:0 (F_(3,12) = 13.72; **p < 0.01 vs. Ctr) and LPC 16:1 (F_(4,12) = 23.72; **p < 0.01 vs. Ctr) (A); lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) species LPA 16:0 (F_(3,11) = 8.71; ***p < 0.001 vs. Ctr), LPA 18:0 (F_(3,11) = 4.38; *p < 0.05 vs. Ctr) and LPA 18:1 (F_(3,11) = 7.88; *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001 vs. Ctr) (B); lysophosphatidyl ethanolamine (LPE) specie 20:4 (F_(3,7) = 12.88; ***p < 0.001 vs. Ctr) (C); lysophosphatidyl inositol (LPI) species LPI 18:0 and LPI 18: 1 (F_(3,11) = 10.63; *p < 0.05 vs. Ctr) (D); SM species SM 26:0 (F_(3,11) = 5.78; *p < 0.05 vs. Ctr), SM 26:1 (F_(3,11) = 4.97; *p < 0.05 vs. Ctr), SM 24:0 (F_(3,11) = 7.39; **p < 0.01 vs. Ctr), SM 24:1 (F_(3,11) = 8.49; **p < 0.001 vs. Ctr), SM 22:3 (F_(3,11) = 17.14; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 vs. Ctr), SM 20:2 (F_(3,11) = 2.78; *p < 0.05 vs. Ctr), SM 18:0 (F_(3,11) = 8.01; **p < 0.01 vs. Ctr), SM 18:1 (F_(3,11) = 17.56; **p < 0.01 vs. Ctr), SM 16:0 (F_(3,11) = 10.25; **p < 0.01 vs. Ctr) and SM 16:1 (F_(3,11) = 8.49; **p < 0.01 vs. Ctr) (E). Data expressed as means ± SD (n = 3 for Rot + IF group; n = 4 for the other groups).