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. 2018 Jan 17;10:456. doi: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00456

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Copyright © 2018 Hagmeyer, Cristóvão, Mulvihill, Boeckers, Gomes and Grabrucker.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Zinc binding to S100B plays a physiological role in anti-excitotoxic activity. Hippocampal cultures were treated with 30 μM dimeric S100B or mutant S100B for 1 h at DIV14 with and without induction of excitotoxic effects by addition of 10 μM glutamic acid to the medium. (A) Neurons were visualized by DAPI (cyan) and anti-MAP2 (green) labeling. Fragmentation of dendrites as early sign of cellular toxicity is visible in control cultures after application of glutamic acid and after application of glutamic acid in presence of mutated S100B (full arrows). Co-application of wildtype S100B and glutamic acid does not induce significant dendritic fragmentation (open arrow). (B) The average number of healthy neurons assessed by DAPI signal and fragmentations of dendrites is significantly lower in control cultures treated with glutamic acid as a result of excitotoxicity. Co-application of S100B abolishes excitotoxic effects. Co-application of the zinc binding mutant S100B does not ameliorate excitotoxicity (one way ANOVA, F = 3.9226; p = 0.0042; Post hoc analysis: control vs. control + glut, p = 0.0329652; mut S100B vs. mut S100B + glut, p = 0.1169596; n = 10 optic fields of view per condition). (C) Hippocampal cultures were treated with 30 μM zinc-saturated S100B with and without induction of excitotoxic effects by addition of 10 μM glutamic acid to the medium at DIV14. The average number of healthy neurons assessed by DAPI signal and fragmentations of dendrites is not significantly different in cultures exposed to zinc-saturated S100B after induction of excitotoxicity (one way ANOVA, F = 1.2431; p = 0.3045; n = 10 optic fields of view per condition).