Table 1.
Participant characteristics.
| Nondemented (n=213) | Alzheimer's Disease (n=125) | p-value (dx) | p-value (E4) | p-value (E4•dx) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No E4 (n=159) | E4 carrier (n=54) | No E4 (n=47) | E4 carrier (n=78) | ||||
| Age (y) | 72 [6.9] | 73 [6.7] | 74 [9.1] | 74 [7.8] | 0.17 | 0.54 | 0.89 |
| Sex (#,%male) | 58 [37] | 15 [28] | 29 [62] | 41 [53] | <0.01 | 0.97 | 0.01* |
| Diabetes (#,%) | 19 [12.0] | 5 [11.1] | 9 [19.1] | 12 [15.4] | 0.11 | 0.86 | 0.46 |
| Insulin (μU/mL) | 7.6 [6.7] | 5.1 [3.8] | 9.3 [6.5] | 7.1 [5.7] | <0.01* | 0.01* | 0.81 |
| Amylin (pM) | 18.1 [58.9] | 9.5 [12.7] | 21.8 [52.3] | 18.7 [60.4] | 0.08 | 0.16 | 0.90 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 93.0 [27.8] | 90.3 [18.0] | 97.1 [46.8] | 90.7 [18.8] | 0.97 | 0.34 | 0.74 |
| Lactate (mg/dL) | 23.5 [10.6] | 25.8 [17.6] | 23.7 [11.9] | 23.8 [11.2] | 0.58 | 0.51 | 0.32 |
| HOMA-IR | 1.9 [2.1] | 1.1 [0.8] | 2.2 [1.7] | 1.8 [1.9] | 0.04 | <0.01 | 0.60 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.7 [4.8] | 26.9 [4.4] | 27.3 [5.9] | 26.2 [4.3] | 0.19 | 0.16 | 0.85 |
| Waist toHip ratio | 0.90 [0.09] | 0.88 [0.08] | 0.93 [0.10] | 0.92 [0.11] | 0.95 | 0.33 | 0.89 |
| Total Fat mass (kg) | 29.0 [9.9] | 27.1 [9.2] | 27.3 [11.7] | 25.8 [7.8] | 0.32 | 0.18 | 0.95 |
| Total lean mass (kg) | 44.7 [9.1] | 42.5 [9.6] | 47.4 [9.7] | 45.4 [10.2] | 0.08 | 0.28 | 0.91 |
| Android fat mass (kg) | 2.7 [1.2] | 2.4 [1.1] | 2.7 [1.5] | 2.4 [1.1] | 0.41 | 0.15 | 0.82 |
| Gynoid fat mass (kg) | 4.7 [1.6] | 4.5 [1.5] | 4.2 [1.9] | 4.1 [1.2] | 0.20 | 0.31 | 0.61 |
| BMD (g/cm3) | 1.2 [0.14] | 1.1 [0.17] | 1.2 [0.12] | 1.2 [0.13] | 0.10 | 0.98 | 0.52 |
| Systolic (mmHg) | 128.3 [15.7] | 131.6 [16.3] | 129.9 [12.6] | 132.1 [16.3] | 0.67 | 0.20 | 0.75 |
| Diastolic (mmHg) | 73.6 [8.1] | 74.2 [8.0] | 75.2 [7.6] | 72.5 [8.0] | 0.75 | 0.37 | 0.09 |
| MMSE (raw score) | 29.3 [1.0] | 29.2 [1.0] | 23.9 [5.4] | 23.4 [4.8] | <0.01* | 0.68 | 0.54 |
| Basal FFA (nmol/mL) | 456.2 [169] | 558.4 [222] | 406.4 [147] | 141.3 [154] | 0.45 | 0.88 | 0.21 |
| SSFFA (nmol/mL)‡ | 34.5 [15.6] | 41.2 [15.0] | 49.2 [11.6] | 32.8 [12.2] | 0.78 | 0.55 | 0.03* |
Values are given as means ± SD. p-value (dx) and p-value (ε4) are the p-values for main effects of diagnosis (ND vs AD) and APOE4 (noncarrier vs. carrier) and the interaction effect. Post-hoc values for significant interactions given in the text.
‡
Steady-state FFA data available in a subset of 45 participants.
*
p<0.05 between groups.
HOMA-IR; homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, BMI; body mass index, BMD; bone mineral density, SBP; systolic blood pressure, DBP, diastolic blood pressure, MMSE; Mini-mental state examination, Basal FFA; basal free fatty acids, SSFA; steady-state free fatty acids.