Fig. 3.

Chronic hyperammonemia activates hepatic autophagy through mTORC1 inhibition. (A and B) Western blots and densitometric quantifications of NBR1, p62, and LC3 in livers of WT mice fed for 14 wk with a diet containing ammonium acetate (HA diet) or with a standard diet (SD diet) (n = 3/group). (C and D) Western blot analyses and densitometric quantifications of phospho (P)-S6, total (T)-S6, P-ULK1, P-AMPK, and T-AMPK in livers of WT that received either SD diet or HA diet for 14 wk resulting in chronic hyperammonemia (n ≥ 3/group). GAPDH or β-actin were used as loading controls. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01. ns, not significant.