mRNA expression of HAMP in human gastric cancer tissues. (A) The mRNA expression of HAMP in tumor tissues (n=62) was significantly higher compared with adjacent non-tumor tissues (n=15). (B) The mRNA expression of HAMP in tumor tissues from patients at stages T3/T4 (n=39) was significantly increased compared with tissues from patients at stages T1/T2 (n=23), which were both significantly higher compared with the expression in adjacent non-tumor tissues (n=15). (C) The mRNA expression of HAMP in tumor tissues of negative (N negative group, n=27) and positive lymph node metastasis (N positive group, n=35) were significantly higher compared with the expression in adjacent non-tumor tissues (n=15). However, there were no significant differences in HAMP mRNA expression between negative and positive lymph node metastasis groups. (D) The mRNA expression of HAMP in tumor tissues of negative (M negative group, n=53) and positive metastasis (with the exception of lymph node metastasis) (n=9) were significantly higher compared with adjacent non-tumor tissues (n=15). However, there were no significant differences in HAMP mRNA expression between groups of negative and positive metastasis (with the exception of lymph node metastasis). Values are presented as the mean ± standard deviation. *P<0.05. HAMP, hepcidin antimicrobial peptide.